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. 2021 Sep 22;3(11):743–752. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11316

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© 2021 The Authors. ACR Open Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Drug use over time in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) population (D1; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD‐9] code 720.0). A, Medicare (5% random sample). B, MarketScan. ^aTumor necrosis factor α inhibitors. ^bIncludes methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and leflunomide. D1 indicates one or more relevant ICD‐9 codes from hospital discharge or two or more relevant ICD‐9 codes from the rheumatologist visit. csARD, conventional synthetic antirheumatic drug; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.