TF-3 attenuates the cytotoxicity of CSE on BEAS-2B cells. (A) Chemical structure of TF-3. (B) Changes in BEAS-2B cell viability induced by the various concentrations of CSE (1-50%) at different time points (2-48 h). *P<0.05 vs. control. (C) Effects of TF-3 on cell viability. Cells were treated with TF-3 (5-20 µM). (D) Cells were treated with CSE (10%) for 6 h alone or in combination with TF-3 (5-20 µM) pretreatment. (E) Effects of TF-3 on LDH production. Cells were treated with CSE (10%) for 6 h alone, TF-3 (20 µM) for 24 h alone or CSE (10%) for 6 h in combination with TF-3 (20 µM) pretreatment. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments indicated by dots. One-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey's post hoc test for statistical comparisons between more than two groups. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. CSE, cigarette smoke extract; TF-3, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate.