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. 2021 Oct 28;23(1):11. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10933

Figure 5.

Figure 5

TF-3 attenuates emphysema in CSE-treated mice. (A) Images of lung tissue stained with H&E. Scale bars, 20 µm. (B and C) Morphometric measurements of the MLI and DI in the four groups were quantified. (D and E) TNF-α and IL-1β levels in lung tissue were detected using ELISA and quantified. (F-H) MDA, SOD and GSH levels in lung tissue were detected with assay kits and quantified. (I) Protein expression levels of p-RIPK3/RIPK3 and p-MLKL/MLKL were determined via western blotting with GAPDH as an internal control. Semi-quantification of protein expression levels of (J) p-RIPK3 and (K) p-MLKL were determined. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of five independent experiments indicated by dots. One-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey's post hoc test for statistical comparisons among more than two groups. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ****P<0.0001. MLI, mean linear intercept; DI, destructive index; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH, glutathione; RIPK3, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3; MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like; p, phosphorylated; CSE, cigarette smoke extract; TF-3, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate.