Increased expression of lncRNA H19 in MCF-7R cells is associated with tamoxifen resistance. (A) MCF-7R cells were transfected with siH19, NS siRNA, shH19 or NC shRNA. The levels of lncRNA H19 were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in MCF-7R, H19-knockdown MCF-7R/siH19, MCF-7R/shH19 and corresponding control cells and are expressed as fold of that in the parental MCF-7 control. *P<0.05 as indicated. (B) MCF-7, MCF-7R, MCF-7/NC and H19-knockdown MCF-7R/shH19 cells were plated in 96-well plates and treated with various concentrations of 4-hydroxytamoxifen for 48 h for the determination of cell proliferation using an MTS assay. #P<0.05 vs. the MCF-7R/NC group. (C) Transfected MCF-7R/siH19 cells were treated with or without 1x10-7 M 4-hydroxytamoxifen for 48 h for the determination of cell proliferation using an MTS assay. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. &P<0.05 vs. the NS siRNA/4-hydroxytamoxifen group. MCF-7R, tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; siH19, siRNA targeting H19; NS, non-specific; siRNA, small interfering RNA; shH19, shRNA targeting H19; NC, negative control shRNA; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; non-TF, non-transfected.