Table 1.
Summary of primary studies.
| Author | Study sample | Study type | Female | Doctors | Nurses | Other HCWs | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Al Sulais | 529 | Cross-sectional Survey (CSS) | Breakdown N.A | X | – | – | Saudi Arabia |
| 2. Almagharabi | 1,036 | CSS | Saudi Arabia | ||||
| 3. Cai | 534 | CSS | 367 | X | China | ||
| 4. Chew | 906 | CSS | Breakdown Not Available (N.A) | X | (N.A.) | (N.A.) | China |
| 5. Chowdhury, S,M | Qualitative | ||||||
| 6. DeStefani | 1,500 | 836 | – | – | Dentists | Italy | |
| 7. Elbay | 442 | CSS | 251 | X | – | – | Turkey |
| 8. Felice | 388 | CSS | 235 | X | – | X | Italy |
| 9. Huang | 600 | CSS | 305 | X | X | X | China |
| 10. Kang | 994 | CSS | 850 | X | X | – | China |
| 11. Karasneh | 486 | CSS | 382 | – | – | X | Jordan |
| 12. Khanna | 2,355 | CSS | 1,332 | X | – | – | India |
| 13. Lai | 1,257 | CSS | 964 | X | X | – | China |
| 14. Li | 5,317 | CSS | 5,317 | X | X | X | China |
| 15. Liu | 512 | CSS | 433 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | China |
| 16. Marton | Qualitative | ||||||
| 17. Pedrozo-Papa | 179 | CSS | Breakdown N.A | X | X | X | Columbia |
| 18. Romero | 1,671 | CSS | Breakdown N.A | X | – | – | Spain |
| 19. Song | 14,825 | CSS | 9,536 | X | X | – | China |
| 20. Sun | 442 | CSS | 368 | X | X | X | China |
| 21. Uzun | 103 | CSS | 91 | X | X | X | Turkey |
| 22. Wu | 190 | CSS | 157 | – | X | X | China |
| 23. Xiao | 958 | CSS | 644 | X | X | X | China |
| 24. Yin | 371 | CSS | 228 | X | X | X | China |
| 25. Yuan | 939 | CSS | 582 | X | – | X | China |
| 26. Zhang | 304 | CSS | 178 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | China |
| 27. Zhang | 927 | CSS | 678 | X | X | X | China |
| 28. Zhu | 165 | CSS | 137 | X | X | – | China |