Table 2.
Summary of publications using cynomolgus macaque models of COVID-19.
| Number, species,§, gender, age | Virus strain, inoculation route†, (number exposed) | Clinical signs, (dpi)* | Gross and histologic lung pathology#, (dpi* euthanized) | Viral detection‡, (dpi)* | (Ref) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 CM, 2 F/ 1 M, 10-15 y | SARS-CoV-2 JP/TY/WK-521/2020, Combined IT, IN, PO | 3/3 Fever 1-2 dpi, 1/3 10% weight loss, ↓ appetite, lymphopenia, neutrophilia | All euthanized 28 dpi 3/3 Focal hemorrhage, interstitial pneumonia, 1/3 Congestion, thrombus, bronchopneumonia | Nose, mouth, trachea conjunctiva, (1) | 51 |
| 4 CM M/ F Adult (Sex ratio not listed) | 2019-nCoV/USA-WA1/2020, Aerosol | 4/4 Fever,↑respiratory sounds, 2/4 Tachypnea, ↑ respiratory effort, 3/ 4 Tachycardia | Euthanized 18 dpi, 4/4 multifocal red to gray discoloration of one or more lung lobes, 1/4 Adhesions between pleura and thoracic wall, 3/4 DAD | Nose, throat (3), Rectal swab (≥ 7) | 53 |
| 8 CM 4M/ 4F, 3-6 y | SARS-CoV-2 Korean isolate Combined IT, IN, PO, CJ, IV | 4/8 Decreased activity and fever 8/8 Lymphopenia | 4/8 (3 dpi): all had acute interstitial pneumonia, endotheliitis | Nose, throat, rectum conjunctiva, (1) | 58 |
| 6 CM 3 M/ 3 F 2-4 y | SARS-CoV-2/ Victoria/01/2020 IT, IN | None | Euthanized: 2 NHP at 4/5 dpi, 14/15 dpi and 18/19 dpi Mild to moderate pulmonary consolidation Interstitial pneumonia, DAD | Nose, throat (3), BALF (4-5), Rectum (1-9), 2/6 Whole blood (6) | 96 |
| 6 CM 3 M/ 3 F, Adult | SARS-CoV-2 from CDC, Guangdong Province China, Combined, IT, IN, CJ | 4/6 Fever 5/6 Weight loss | Pulmonary hemorrhage, ↑hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, Interstitial pneumonia, diffuse hemorrhage and lung necrosis | Nose, throat (2), Rectum, feces (2), 1/6 Rectum, feces (2- 21) | 67 |
| CM 8F, Half, 4-5 y, Half, 15-20 y | SARS-CoV-2 German isolate Combined IT, IN | No clinical signs | 2 of each age group euthanized at 4 dpi, All had interstitial pneumonia, DAD | Nose, throat: juvenilejuvenile (1-2), aged (4), 1/4 Rectum (14) | 92 |
§ CM cynomolgus macaque, F female, M male, † intratracheal, IN intranasal, PO per oral, CJ conjunctival, IV intravenous, * dpi days postinfection, # DAD diffuse alveolar damage, ‡ BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.