Table 3.
DDI | No DDI | Unadjusted ORs (CI) | Adjusted ORs (CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic factors | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 78.69 (5.63) | 77.40 (5.47) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06)* | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
Age < 80 years, n (%) | 192 (57.83) | 777 (68.52) | ||
Age ≥ 80 years, n (%) | 140 (42.17) | 357 (31.48) | 1.58 (1.23–2.04)* | - |
Gender, n (%) | ||||
Male | 161 (48.49) | 510 (44.97) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Female | 171 (51.51) | 624 (55.03) | 0.87 (0.68–1.11) | 0.75 (0.55–1.02) |
Marital status, n (%) | ||||
Not married/cohabiting | 152 (45.78) | 509 (44.89) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Currently married/cohabiting | 180 (54.22) | 625 (55.11) | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 1.33 (0.97–1.81) |
Education#, n (%) | ||||
Primary/none | 185 (55.72) | 533 (47.04) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Secondary | 101 (30.42) | 378 (33.36) | 0.77 (0.58–1.01) | 0.97 (0.70–1.33) |
Third/higher | 46 (13.86) | 222 (19.59) | 0.60 (0.42–0.85)* | 0.76 (0.50–1.16) |
Smoker, n (%) | ||||
Never smoked | 121 (36.45) | 527 (46.47) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Past smoker | 163 (49.10) | 482 (42.50) | 1.47 (1.13–1.92)* | 1.23 (0.90–1.69) |
Current smoker | 48 (14.46) | 125 (11.02) | 1.67 (1.14–2.46)* | 1.50 (0.95–2.36) |
Functional ability-related factors (geriatric syndromes) | ||||
No. of self-reported chronic conditions, n (%) | ||||
0 | 16 (4.82) | 119 (10.49) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1 | 52 (15.66) | 246 (21.69) | 1.57 (0.86–2.87) | 1.44 (0.72–2.90) |
2 | 68 (20.48) | 285 (25.13) | 1.77 (0.99–3.19) | 1.23 (0.60–2.50) |
≥ 3 | 196 (59.04) | 484 (42.68) | 3.01 (1.74–5.21)* | 1.17 (0.56–2.43) |
Frailty, n (%) | ||||
Robust | 56 (16.87) | 379 (33.42) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Pre-frail | 130 (39.16) | 487 (42.95) | 1.81 (1.28–2.54)* | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) |
Frail | 146 (43.98) | 268 (23.63) | 3.69 (2.61–5.21)* | 1.28 (0.77–2.14) |
Depression#, n (%) | ||||
Not depressed | 270 (83.59) | 1048 (94.08) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Depressed | 53 (16.41) | 66 (5.92) | 3.12 (2.12–4.58)* | 2.12 (1.34–3.34)* |
Poor delayed recall#, n (%) | ||||
None | 196 (62.03) | 785 (71.23) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Poor | 120 (37.97) | 317 (28.77) | 1.52 (1.17–1.97)* | 1.27 (0.94–1.72) |
Medication-related factors | ||||
Polypharmacy#, n (%) | ||||
≤ 4 medications | 32 (9.64) | 502 (44.31) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
5–9 medications | 179 (53.92) | 512 (45.19) | 5.48 (3.69–8.15)* | 4.81 (3.16–7.33)* |
≥ 10 medications | 121 (36.45) | 119 (10.50) | 15.95 (10.30–24.71)* | 13.40 (8.22–21.85)* |
CI confidence interval, CNS central nervous system, DDI drug-drug interaction, OR odds ratio, SD standard deviation
*P < 0.05
#Missing data for 1 participant for education, 1 participant for polypharmacy, 29 participants for depression and 48 participants for poor delayed recall