Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 11;38(11):1025–1037. doi: 10.1007/s40266-021-00898-8

Table 3.

Sociodemographic, functional ability, and medication-related factors associated with any potential ‘severe’ cardiovascular or CNS DDI between wave 1 and 2 (N = 1466)

DDI No DDI Unadjusted ORs (CI) Adjusted ORs (CI)
Sociodemographic factors
 Age, mean (SD) 78.69 (5.63) 77.40 (5.47) 1.04 (1.02–1.06)* 1.02 (0.99–1.05)
 Age < 80 years, (%) 192 (57.83) 777 (68.52)
 Age ≥ 80 years, (%) 140 (42.17) 357 (31.48) 1.58 (1.23–2.04)* -
 Gender, n (%)
  Male 161 (48.49) 510 (44.97) 1.0 1.0
  Female 171 (51.51) 624 (55.03) 0.87 (0.68–1.11) 0.75 (0.55–1.02)
 Marital status, (%)
  Not married/cohabiting 152 (45.78) 509 (44.89) 1.0 1.0
  Currently married/cohabiting 180 (54.22) 625 (55.11) 0.96 (0.75–1.23) 1.33 (0.97–1.81)
 Education#, (%)
  Primary/none 185 (55.72) 533 (47.04) 1.0 1.0
  Secondary 101 (30.42) 378 (33.36) 0.77 (0.58–1.01) 0.97 (0.70–1.33)
  Third/higher 46 (13.86) 222 (19.59) 0.60 (0.42–0.85)* 0.76 (0.50–1.16)
 Smoker, (%)
  Never smoked 121 (36.45) 527 (46.47) 1.0 1.0
  Past smoker 163 (49.10) 482 (42.50) 1.47 (1.13–1.92)* 1.23 (0.90–1.69)
  Current smoker 48 (14.46) 125 (11.02) 1.67 (1.14–2.46)* 1.50 (0.95–2.36)
Functional ability-related factors (geriatric syndromes)
 No. of self-reported chronic conditions, (%)
  0 16 (4.82) 119 (10.49) 1.0 1.0
  1 52 (15.66) 246 (21.69) 1.57 (0.86–2.87) 1.44 (0.72–2.90)
  2 68 (20.48) 285 (25.13) 1.77 (0.99–3.19) 1.23 (0.60–2.50)
  ≥ 3 196 (59.04) 484 (42.68) 3.01 (1.74–5.21)* 1.17 (0.56–2.43)
 Frailty, (%)
  Robust 56 (16.87) 379 (33.42) 1.0 1.0
  Pre-frail 130 (39.16) 487 (42.95) 1.81 (1.28–2.54)* 1.14 (0.74–1.76)
  Frail 146 (43.98) 268 (23.63) 3.69 (2.61–5.21)* 1.28 (0.77–2.14)
 Depression#, (%)
  Not depressed 270 (83.59) 1048 (94.08) 1.0 1.0
  Depressed 53 (16.41) 66 (5.92) 3.12 (2.12–4.58)* 2.12 (1.34–3.34)*
 Poor delayed recall#, (%)
  None 196 (62.03) 785 (71.23) 1.0 1.0
  Poor 120 (37.97) 317 (28.77) 1.52 (1.17–1.97)* 1.27 (0.94–1.72)
Medication-related factors
 Polypharmacy#, (%)
  ≤ 4 medications 32 (9.64) 502 (44.31) 1.0 1.0
  5–9 medications 179 (53.92) 512 (45.19) 5.48 (3.69–8.15)* 4.81 (3.16–7.33)*
  ≥ 10 medications 121 (36.45) 119 (10.50) 15.95 (10.30–24.71)* 13.40 (8.22–21.85)*

CI confidence interval, CNS central nervous system, DDI drug-drug interaction, OR odds ratio, SD standard deviation

*P < 0.05

#Missing data for 1 participant for education, 1 participant for polypharmacy, 29 participants for depression and 48 participants for poor delayed recall