MVC loading and release in synthesized PSMA-b-PS NPs. A, One-step RAFT polymerizations were used to synthesize amphiphilic diblock copolymers using maleic anhydride (MA) and styrene (STY) monomers. In the presence of water, the diblock copolymers self-assemble into micelle NPs with a hydrophilic corona and a hydrophobic core. B, PSMA-b-PS NPs are functionalized with TRAP-binding peptide (TBP) via carbodiimide chemistry and loaded with MVC to produce TBP-NPMVC. C, Release of free MVC and MVC from TBP-NPs in 0.1 mol/L PBS pH 7.4, 37°C show sustained release from TBP-NPs. Data represents mean ± std. (n = 3). Statistical differences were tested via a paired two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test for free MVC and TBP-NPMVC at each time point. *P < .05, ****P < .0001, ns = not significant