NP delivery of MVC decreases leukemic burden in the marrow and partially restores HSC populations in the marrow. A, Treatment paradigm used in experiments. B, GFP+ cells in the bone marrow. C, GFP-LT-HSC. D, GFP-ST-HSCs. E, GFP-MPP2. F, GFP-MPP3. G, GFP-MPP4. H, PααV cells as defined as CD45−Lin−CD31−CD51+140a+. Data were pooled from two independent experiments, n = 3–4 per group (mean ± SEM). One-way ANOVA was used to assess the differences between groups followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons to bcCML control without treatment. *P < .05, **P < .01, ****P < .0001 ns = not significant. I, Percent survival of WT, bcCML injected with saline, and bcCML mice after treatment with free MVC and TBP-NPMVC (n = 10). Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test indicates significant differences with **P < .01 vs bcCML injected with saline