TABLE 3.
Summary of Potential Confounders*
| Reference | Age | Marital Status | Education | SES | Birth Control | HIV Status | STI, Comorbid | STI, History | No. Sexual Partners | Sexual Activity | Unprotected Sex/Condom Use | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbai et al28 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Age of first sex, sex workers | ||||
| Balkus et al29 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Sex workers, years of sex work, vaginal washing | |||
| Balkus et al40 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Brahmbhatt et al30 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Religion | |||
| Brotman et al33 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Pregnancy, drug use, follow-up visits | ||||||
| Brotman et al34 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Ethnicity | ||||||
| Fichorova et al38 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Pregnancy, breast-feeding status, vaginal hygiene practices | |||||||
| Jarrett et al31 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Menstrual status, amenorrhea, | ||||
| Kapiga et al32 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Anal sex in last 3 months | |||
| Kenyon et al35 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High-risk sex behavior, STI treatment | ||||||
| Nijhawan et al36 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Study site, number of visits, enrollment risk group | ||||
| Rathod et al39 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Age of first sex, years with partner, religion, HSV-2+ |
*A ✓ denotes that the potential confounder listed, as well as those specified in the other column, were adjusted for in the multivariate regression for each study.
HSV-2, herpes simplex virus 2; SES, socioeconomic status.