TABLE 3.
Barriers to and Facilitators of HPV Vaccination
| References | Population Group Concerned (Age, y) | Barriers Encountered | Facilitators Reported |
|---|---|---|---|
| Widjaja29 | Students (21–24) | 1. I feel shy to talk about it to my parent/health care professional 2. I do not have time to bare 3 injections to the hospital 3. My parents do not allow me to take the vaccine 4. Safety and efficacy regarding the vaccine 5. Price 6. I'm not sure where to get the vaccination |
1. Suggested by health care professional 2. Benefits of vaccination regardless of the pricing 3. I can be sexually active to everyone after the injection 4. Forced by parent/partner 5. Self-awareness regarding HPV infection 6. Discounted price of vaccination |
| Turiho et al.25 | Girls (9–19) | Several negative rumors | 1. Appreciation of its preventive role against cervical cancer 2. Realized that side effects were rare |
| Ortashi et al.22 | Male students (21 ± 1.5) | 1. If it has side effects 2. If it has no clear benefits for myself 3. Objections from my family and friends 4. Objections from religious authority 5. I'm not sexually active |
1. It protects my partner from cervical cancer 2. If it is safe 3. Protects me from getting cancer 4. I'm sexually active 5. If it is recommended by family or friends 6. Recommended by doctor 7. If it is recommended by religious authority |
| Lee et al.23 | Female students (12–19) | 1. Cost of vaccination 2. Side effects 3. Being too young for vaccination 4. Low perceived needs 5. Fear of injection |
1. The perceived risk of getting cervical cancer 2. Recommendations from credible sources including doctors and parents 3. The efficacy of the vaccine |
| Remschmidt et al.24 | Female (18–25) | 1. The receipt of recommendations against the vaccination 2. A negative experience with vaccinations in general 3. Fear of injections 4. Not aware of the HPV vaccine |
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| Rashwan et al.21 | Pharmacy students (22–23) | 1. Not necessary because you are not prone to be infected 2. HPV vaccine is still new 3. Not cost-effective 4. Afraid of side effect 5. Never get any suggestion 6. Never heard about HPV vaccination 7. Do not have time to complete all 3 |
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| Swarnapriya et al.26 | Medical and paramedical students (19.25 ± 1.64) | 1. Doubts regarding efficacy of the vaccine 2. Fear of side effects 3. Cost 4. Minimal risk of carcinoma cervix |
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| Mammas et al.27 | Female adolescents (13.2 ± 9) | 1. Fears of side effects 2. Financial issues 3. Lack of knowledge 4. Busy schedule 5. Vaccination not deemed necessary 6. Religious taboos 7. Fear of exposure to needles 8. Medical contraindications 9. Physician advising against vaccination |
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| Fernandes et al.31s | Undergraduate women (18–25) | 1. I do not know enough about the vaccine's potential side effects 2. I do not know enough about the vaccine 3. I do not know if the vaccine works 4. The vaccine costs too much 5. The vaccine is not covered by my health insurance |
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| Wanderley et al.28 | Medical students (21.8 ± 3.1) | 1. The high cost of the vaccine 2. Not advised about vaccination 3. Doubt about vaccine effects 4. Feeling safe from infection 5. Low efficacy of vaccination |
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| Zhuang et al.30 | Students (15–26; 27–34) | 1. Lack of information 2. Cost 3. Side effects 4. Parents 5. Religion 6. Race |
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| Schmidt-Grimminger et al.33s | Young adults and teens (14–26) | 1. Negative perceptions about HPV in the community 2. Recommendations from parents |
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| Katz et al.32s | Male undergraduate students (16–26) | 1. Long-term effects 2. Only get vaccine if covered by health insurance 3. Cost 4. Hard to find time to talk to health care provider 5. Difficult to get to health care provider's office 6. Difficult to find time to talk to health care provider 7. Discomfort with injection 8. Vaccine is painful 9. Health care provider is too busy to talk to me |
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