Table 1:

PPARs distribution, ligands and transcriptional functions. H-Tissue: distribution of human PPARs. M-Tissue: distribution of rodent PPARs.

	Tissues	Endogenous Ligands	Synthetic Ligands	Transcriptional functions involved	References
PPARα	Liver (H)(M) Skeletal muscle (H) Heart (H)(M) Kidney (H)(M) Adipose tissues(H)(M) Brain (H)(M) Intestinal mucosa (H)(M) Eye(H)(M)	Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Perfluorooctanoic acid Perfluorooctanoic sulfonate Prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid Eicosanoid	Pirinixic acid (WY14643) Clofibrate Fenofibrates Genofibrozil NSAIDS	Lipid metabolism (Lipid transport, ketogenesis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid transport and oxidation) Carbohydrate metabolism Adipogenesis Neonatal development Angiogenesis Inflammation Circadian rhythm	(Wahli et al., 1995) (Desvergne and Whali, 1999) (Lemberger et al., 1996) (Kersten et al., 2001) (Tan et al., 2005) (Mukherjee et al., 1997) (Abbott, 2009) (Lee et al., 1995) (Mukherjee et al., 1994) (Shirai et al., 2007)
PPARγ	Liver (H) Adipose tissues (H) Heart (H) Bone marrow(H) Pancreas(H) Lung(H) Placenta (H) Skeletal muscle (H) Eye (H)(M) Kidney(H)(M)	Only unsaturated fatty acids Prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid Eicosanoid	TZD MRL24 NSAID 15-PGJ2	Lipid metabolism (Cholesterol metabolism, lipogenesis, fatty acid transport and oxidation) Gluconeogenesis Adipogenesis Angiogenesis Inflammation Anti-fibrosis	(Wahli et al., 1995) (Desvergne and Whali, 1999) (Lemberger et al., 1996) (Kobayashi et al., 2005) (Tan et al., 2005) (Mukherjee et al., 1997) (Tontonoz et al., 1994) (Mueller et al., 2002) (Choi et al., 2010) (Forman et al., 1995) (Wolf and Phil, 2004) (Ahmadian et al., 2013) (Moore et al., 2001) (Abbott, 2009)
PPARβ/δ	Liver (H)(M) Heart (H)(M) Skeletal muscle (H) Brain (H)(M) Placenta (H) Adipose tissues (H)(M) Small intestine(M) Keratinocytes (H)(M) Eye(H)(M)	Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids	L165041 GW-501516	Lipid metabolism (Fatty acid transport and oxidation) Cell survival Ubiquitination Adipogenesis Inflammation	(Abbott, 2009) (Wahli et al., 1995) (Desvergne and Whali, 1999) (Lemberger et al., 1996) (Tan et al., 2005) (Mukherjee et al., 1997) (Wu et al., 2017)