Table 2:

PPARs ligands therapeutic implications in disease eye.

	Diseases	Therapeutic Ligands	Therapeutic outcomes	References
PPARα	Diabetic retinopathy Dry eye symptoms AMD Diabetic keratopathy	Fibrates* (Fenofibrate)	Amelioration of retinal acellular capillary formation and pericyte loss Retinal microvascular repair Protect against corneal nerve loss Corneal neovascularization	(Ding et al., 2014) (Bhatwadekar et al., 2017) (Shao et al., 2019) (Matlock et al., 2020) (Wang et al., 2020) (He et al., 2020)
PPARγ	Diabetic retinopathy Dry eye symptoms AMD	TZD* (Rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and troglitazone) 15-PGJ2	Prevention of diabetic retinal tissues form apoptosis Attenuate retinal vasculature Elevate tear film stability and tear production Anti-fibrotic properties in the cornea	(Shen et al., 2008) (Hatanaka et al., 2012) (Cheng et al., 2008) (Jiang et al., 2014) (Thakran et al., 2015) (Muranaka et al., 2006) (Chen et al., 2014) (Murata et al., 2000) (Zhou et al., 2016) (Xin et al., 1999)
PPARβ/δ	AMD Ocular Angiogenesis Choroidal neovascularization Diabetic retinopathy	GW0742* GSK0660**	Agonist exacerbated pre-retinal vascularization Antagonist reduced pre-retinal vascularization and induce retinal leukostasis	(Bishop-Bailey, 2008) (Capozzi et al., 2013) (Choudhary et al., 2016) (Savage et al., 2015) (Huang et al., 2011) (Joussen et al., 2009)

^*PPARs agonists.

^**PPARs antagonists