Fig. 4.

(A) Schematic illustration showing the collective behavior of a group of the C₃N₄/PPyNP-based MNMs under tilted nonuniform light irradiation with medium intensities (spinning schooling). (B) The overlaid optical microscopic image of the spinning schooling motion of the MNMs obtained from Movie S7 (1.0-W/cm² light intensity). Inset in B: The incident light angle (30°). (C) The representative trajectories of the four MNMs at the different positions during the spinning schooling motion process and (D) the corresponding linear speed of the spinning schooling motion as a function of the distance to the spinning center. (E) Schematic showing the local light intensity the MNMs experienced at different positions inside the medium intensity divergent beam of light during the clockwise spinning. (F) Simulation snapshot of the spinning vortex of the MNMs inside a medium intensity nonuniform beam.