FIG 1.

Deoxycholic acid kills S. pneumoniae strains within 2 h of incubation. S. pneumoniae strains GA47281, GA44288, GA17227, TIGR4, and D39 were inoculated at a density of ∼5.15 × 10⁸ CFU/ml in THY broth and left untreated (no Doc) or treated with 0.5 mg/ml or 0.25 mg/ml of deoxycholic acid (DoC). Bacteria were incubated for 2 h at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere, after which the cultures were serially diluted and plated onto blood agar plates to obtain the density (CFU/ml). Error bars represent the standard errors of the means calculated using data from at least three independent experiments. The limit of detection (LOD) was <10 CFU/ml.