Table 2.
List of some stable epialleles reported in different plant species
| Species | Gene/Locus | Epigenetic Variation | Phenotypic Traits | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | SUP (SUPERMAN) | Mutagen induced | Increased numbers of stamens and carpels | [29] |
| FWA (Flowering Wageningen) | Mutagen induced | Late flowering | [30] | |
| PAI2 (Phosphoribosyl Anthranilate Isomerise) | Trans-acting (small RNAs) | Only gene expression affected; no specific phenotype | [43] | |
| BAL1 | Mutagen induced | Dwarfing and elevated disease resistance | [31] | |
| AG (AGAMOUS) | Mutagen induced | Affect flower structure | [44] | |
| BNS (BONSAI) | ddm1-induced syndrome | Stunted growth | [45] | |
| FOLT1(folate transporter 1) | Trans-acting (small RNAs) | Reduced fertility | [46] | |
| QQS (Qua-Quine Starch) | Spontaneous | Higher starch accumulation | [47] | |
| PPH (Pheophytin Pheophorbide Hydrolase) | Spontaneous | Inhibits leaf senescence |
[33] | |
|
HISN6B
(Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase 1) |
Spontaneous | Hybrid incompatibility | [48] | |
| Zea Mays | r1 (red1) | Spontaneous | Reduced pigmentation | [49] |
| b1(booster 1) | Spontaneous | Reduced pigmentation | [50] | |
| pl1 (purple plant 1) | Spontaneous | Reduced pigmentation | [51] | |
| p1 (pericarp color 1) | Spontaneous | Reduced pigmentation | [32] | |
| lpa1(low phytic acid1) | Paramutagenic | High inorganic phosphate in seeds | [52] | |
| Linaria vulgaris | Lcyc (Linaria cycliodea) | Spontaneous | Floral symmetry; dorsiventral flower axis | [38] |
| Solanum lycopersicum | CNR (Colorless non-ripening) | Spontaneous | Normal fruit ripening |
[39] |
|
VTE3 (Vitamin E) |
Spontaneous | Tocopherol accumulation in fruit | [40] | |
| Oryza sativa | D1 (Drawf1) | Spontaneous | Dwarf | [53] |
| SPL14 (Squamosa Promoter binding protein-Like) | Spontaneous | Panicle branching and higher grain yield |
[54] | |
| FIE1 (Fertilization-Independent Endosperm 1) | Spontaneous | Dwarf | [55] | |
| RAV6 [Related to Abscisic Acid Insensitive 3 (ABI3)/Viviparous1 (VP1) 6] | Spontaneous | Larger lamina inclination and smaller grain size | [56] | |
| AK1 (Adenylate Kinase 1) | Spontaneous | Defects in photosynthetic capacity |
[57] | |
| ESP (Epigenetic Short Panicle) | Spontaneous | Short panicle | [58] | |
| Elaeis guineensis | DEF1 (DEFICIENS) | Spontaneous | Mantled fruit | [59] |
| Brassica rapa | SP11/SCR (S locus protein 11/S locus cystein rich) | Trans-acting (small RNAs) | Self-incompatibility | [42] |
| Cucumis melo | CmWIP1 (WASP/N-WASP-interacting protein 1) | Transposon Insertion | Sex determination | [41] |