Table 2.
Comparison of Cases of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis between Cases with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Cases with Other Immune Compromise
| Characteristic | Cases with AIDS* |
Cases without AIDS |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number cases | 160 | 51 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, median, years (25th 75th percentile) | 39 (33, 44) | 48 (32, 66) | 0.02 |
| Gender (%) | 1.00 | ||
| Men | 71 | 71 | |
| Women | 29 | 29 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <0.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 42 | 71 | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 23 | 4 | |
| Hispanic | 10 | 0 | |
| Asian, Pacific Islander | 8 | 12 | |
| Other | 16 | 13 | |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | |
| Uveitis History | |||
| Uveitis course (%) | 0.09 | ||
| Acute, monophasic | 47 | 45 | |
| Acute, recurrent | 7 | 4 | |
| Chronic | 35 | 27 | |
| Indeterminate | 11 | 24 | |
| Laterality (%) | 0.27 | ||
| Unilateral | 65 | 67 | |
| Bilateral | 35 | 33 | |
| Ophthalmic examination | |||
| Keratic precipitates (%) | 0.64 | ||
| None | 66 | 59 | |
| Fine | 28 | 31 | |
| Other | 6 | 10 | |
| Anterior chamber cells (%) | 0.41 | ||
| Grade 0 | 44 | 45 | |
| ½+ | 28 | 18 | |
| ≥1+ | 28 | 37 | |
| Anterior chamber flare (%) | 0.17 | ||
| Grade 0 | 73 | 63 | |
| 1+ | 22 | 35 | |
| 2+ | 5 | 2 | |
| Iris (%) | 0.38 | ||
| Normal | 96 | 94 | |
| Posterior synechiae | 4 | 6 | |
| Intraocular pressure (IOP), involved eyes | |||
| Median, mm Hg (25th, 75th percentile) | 13 (11, 15) | 15 (13, 19) | <0.001 |
| Percent patients with IOP>24 mm Hg either eye | 0 | 10 | 0.001 |
| Vitreous cells (%) | 0.52 | ||
| Grade 0 | 32 | 25 | |
| ½+ | 21 | 18 | |
| ≥1+ | 48 | 57 | |
| Vitreous haze (%) | 0.01 | ||
| Grade 0 | 61 | 37 | |
| ½+ | 12 | 22 | |
| ≥1+ | 27 | 41 | |
| Retinitis characteristics | |||
| Lesion number (%) | 0.90 | ||
| Unifocal (1 lesion) | 21 | 24 | |
| Paucifocal (2-4 distinct lesions) | 70 | 69 | |
| Multifocal (≥5 distinct lesions) | 9 | 7 | |
| Lesion shape (%) | 0.17 | ||
| Round or ovoid | 13 | 8 | |
| Placoid | 29 | 31 | |
| Wedge-shaped | 31 | 33 | |
| Lesion character (%) | |||
| Circumferential or confluent | 34 | 29 | 0.38 |
| Hemorrhagic | 59 | 63 | 0.40 |
| Granular | 37 | 33 | 0.39 |
| Lesion location (%) | 0.06 | ||
| Posterior pole involved | 39 | 35 | |
| Mid-periphery and periphery only | 61 | 65 | |
| Lesion size (%) | 0.72 | ||
| <250 μm | 5 | 2 | |
| 250-500 μm | 8 | 17 | |
| >500 μm | 87 | 81 | |
| Other features (%) | |||
| Retinal vascular sheathing | 37 | 33 | 0.39 |
| Systemic disease | |||
| Laboratory data (%) | |||
| Ocular fluid specimen PCR positive for CMV† | 24 | 65 |
*
AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
†
PCR = polymerase chain reaction; CMV = cytomegalovirus. 38 of 38 (100%) specimens from tested cases with AIDS were PCR positive for CMV; and 33 of 33 (100%) specimens from tested cases without AIDS were PCR positive for CMV.