Table 3.
Viral like particle Vaccines and stages of development
| Developer / Researcher | Stage of Development | Product Description |
|---|---|---|
| Medicago Inc. | Phase II/III | VLP; plant derived VLP adjuvanted with GSK or Dynavax adjuvants; (CoVLP)65 |
| Serum Institute of India/ Accelagen Pty/ SpyBiotech | Phase I/II | RBD SARS-CoV-2 HBsAg VLP vaccine |
| Arizona State University | Pre-clinical | Myxoma virus co-expressing S, M, N and E proteins |
| Arizona State University | Pre-clinical | Plasmid driven production of virus like particles (VLPs) containing S, M, N and E proteins of SARS-CoV-2 |
| ARTES Biotechnology | Pre-clinical | VLP; eVLP |
| Bezmialem Vakif University | Pre-clinical | VLP |
| Doherty Institute | Pre-clinical | VLP; unknown |
| Icosavax | Pre-clinical | VLP displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD); (IVX-411) |
| Imophoron Ltd / Bristol University’s Max Planck Centre | Pre-clinical | VLP; ADDomerTM multiepitope display |
| IrsiCaixa AIDS Research/ IRTA-CReSA/ Barcelona Supercomputing Centre/ Grifols | Pre-clinical | S protein integrated in HIV VLPs |
| Mahidol University/ The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO)/ Siriraj Hospital | Pre-clinical | VLP + Adjuvant |
| Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems | Pre-clinical | VLP |
| Medicago Inc./ GSK | Pre-clinical | VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant |
| Medicago Inc./ Dynavax | Pre-clinical | VLP (CoVLP)+ Adjuvant (CpG 1018) |
| Middle East Technical University | Pre-clinical | VLP |
| Navarrabiomed, Oncoimmunology group | Pre-clinical | Virus-like particles, lentivirus, and baculovirus vehicles |
| OSIVAX | Pre-clinical | VLP (COVID-19 and SARS1) |
| Saiba GmbH | Pre-clinical | VLP; virus-like particle, based on RBD displayed on virus-like particle |
| Tampere University | Pre-clinical | VLPs produced in BEVS |
| University of Manitoba | Pre-clinical | Virus-like particle-based dendritic cell-targeting vaccine |
| University of Sao Paulo | Pre-clinical | VLPs peptides/whole virus |
| VBI Vaccines / National Research Council of Canada/ Therapure Biomanufacturing | Pre-clinical | Enveloped virus-like particle (eVLP): Pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate, targeting COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, spike protein (VBI-2900) |