Table 5.
Protein based subunit vaccines and stages of development
| Developer / Researcher | Stage of Development | Product Description |
|---|---|---|
| BioNTech/ Pfizer/ Fosun Pharma/ Rentschler Biopharma | Authorized | 3 LNP-mRNAs; BNT162 59; 60;61;62 |
| Moderna/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)/ Lonza/ Catalent/ Rovi/ Medidata/ BIOQUAL/ Baxter BioPharma Solutions | Authorized | RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA 1273), (TAK-919)63;64 |
| CureVac/Bayer/Novartis | Phase III | RNA; mRNA (CVnCoV) |
| Arcturus/Duke-NUS/ Catalent | Phase I/II | RNA; mRNA; (LUNAR-COV19) |
| Imperial College London/ VacEquity Global Health | Phase I/II | RNA; LNP-nCoVsaRNA |
| People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/ Walvax Biotech | Phase I | mRNA (ARCoV) |
| Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc. | Phase I | PTX-COVID19-B vaccine |
| BIOCAD | Pre-clinical | RNA; liposome-encapsulated mRNA |
| CanSino Biologics/Precision Nanosystems | Pre-clinical | RNA; mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) |
| Centro Nacional Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Spain | Pre-clinical | RNA: Replicating defective SARS-CoV-2 derived RNAs |
| Chimeron Bio/ George Mason University’s National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease | Pre-clinical | Self-amplifying RNA, self-assembling delivery system |
| China CDC / Tongji University / Stermina | Pre-clinical | RNA; mRNA |
| Chula Vaccine Research Center/University of Pennsylvania | Pre-clinical | LNP-mRNA; (ChulaCov19) |
| Curevac/GSK | Pre-clinical | Next-generation multi-valent mRNA-based vaccines |
| CureVac/UK Government (Vaccines Taskforce) | Pre-clinical | Multiple mRNA vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 variants |
| Daiichi-Sankyo/ University of Tokyo’s Institute of Medical Science | Pre-clinical | RNA; mRNA (DS-5670) |
| Elixirgen Therapeutics/ Fujita Health University | Pre-clinical | srRNA (EXG-5003) |
| Federal Budgetary Research Institution (FBRI) State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” | Pre-clinical | RNA; mRNA |
| Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma | Pre-clinical | RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding VLP |
| Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University / RNACure Biopharma | Pre-clinical | RNA; LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding RBD |
| GeneOne Life Science / Houston Methodist | Pre-clinical | mRNA; (GLS-3000) |
| Gennova | Pre-clinical | Self-amplifying RNA |
| Globe Biotech Limited, Bangladesh | Pre-clinical | D614G variant LNP-encapsulated mRNA; (Bangavax) |
| Greenlight Biosciences | Pre-clinical | mRNA |
| IDIBAPS- Hospital Clinic, Spain | Pre-clinical | mRNA |
| Infectious Disease Research Institute/ Amyris, Inc. | Pre-clinical | saRNA formulated in a NLC |
| Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces | Pre-clinical | LNP-encapsulated mRNA encoding S |
| RNA immune, Inc. | Pre-clinical | RNA; several mRNA candidates |
| Sanofi Pasteur/ Translate Bio | Pre-clinical | LNP-mRNA |