Table 1.
Baseline parameters of the studied groups.
| Parameters | OP (n = 70) mean ± SD | OPN (n = 70) mean ± SD | CG (n = 70) mean ± SD | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.21 ± 6.32 | 59.63 ± 6.21 | 60.96 ± 5.91 | 0.154ns |
| Menopause duration (years) | 12.21 ± 4.6 | 13.01 ± 3.54 | 12.31 ± 3.32 | 0.141ns |
| Fat (%) | 13.01 ± 2.06 | 12.91 ± 2.56 | 13.64 ± 2.97 | 0.136ns |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79.54 ± 8.31 | 77.21 ± 8.01 | 79.63 ± 7.45 | 0.122ns |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.01 ± 2.78 | 26.64 ± 2.97 | 26.45 ± 2.34 | 0.183ns |
| Total BMD (g/cm2) | 0.63 ± 0.17 | 0.82 ± 0.19 | 0.89 ± 0.20 | <0.001∗ |
| BMD (L2-L4) (g/cm2) | 0.67 ± 0.21 | 0.82 ± 0.57 | 1.09 ± 0.11 | <0.001∗ |
| BMD F (g/cm2) | 0.41 ± 0.20 | 0.52 ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.15 | <0.001∗ |
| T-score (L1-L4) | −3.32 ± 0.90 | −1.95 ± 0.56 | 0.93 ± 0.13 | <0.001∗ |
| T-score F | −3.61 ± 0.98 | −1.89 ± 0.11 | 0.90 ± 0.21 | <0.001∗ |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 1.89 ± 0.49 | 1.90 ± 0.51 | 1.92 ± 0.52 | 0.015ns |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.42 | 1.59 ± 0.54 | 1.95 ± 0.78 | <0.001∗ |
| ALP (U/L) | 92.48 ± 6.21 | 80.04 ± 7.54 | 78.57 ± 8.65 | <0.001∗ |
| CTX (ng/mL) | 1.85 ± 0.68 | 0.97 ± 0.45 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | <0.001∗ |
| PICP (ng/mL) | 17.47 ± 0.46 | 18.01 ± 0.54 | 19.41 ± 0.45 | <0.001∗ |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 13.54 ± 2.54 | 8.21 ± 2.01 | 7.99 ± 2.45 | <0.001∗ |
OP, osteoporosis group; OPN, osteopenia group; CG, control group; n, no. of subjects; BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; L, lumbar; F, femoral neck; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CTX, serum human C-terminal telopeptides of types I collagen; PICP, serum human carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen. Data are means ± SD.