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. 2021 Nov 3;12:738140. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738140

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

MitomiR and gene regulation. The three main types of miRNAs that are enriched in the mitochondrial fractions can either originate from the nuclear genome and mature in the cytoplasm to target cellular genes that modulate mitochondrial functions (nuc-MiR) or translocate into the mitochondria to target mitochondrial genes and functions (nuc-MitomiR), or be transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and target mitochondrial genes and functions (MT-MitomiR). The AGO2 protein, an endonuclease, has been reported to colocalize with mitochondria, and to be associated with small mtRNA. RNA and MitomiR import into mitochondria is facilitated by multi-subunit RNA import complex (RIC), through a pathway independent of protein import and recently, through AGO2 and the protein PNPase (poly nucleotide phosphorylase).