Figure 1.

Tanzanian veterinary and human health system structure. The country is divided into distinct administrative units, with the Region being the largest. Each Region is comprised of up to 7 Districts. District health administration includes a formal District Veterinary Officer (DVO), and District Medical Officer (DMO) who are trained degree holding professionals and who lead a team of district [(para)veterinary and medical] officers. Wards are administrative units that encompass 2–6 villages, with each ward or village acting as the central location for extension services: for example veterinary, agricultural, and medical. Ward officers for veterinary health include Livestock Field Officers (LFOs) who are trained (at certificate level or higher) in livestock health, livestock production, range management and who serve multiple villages. Ward officers for human health include clinical officers (who work in dispensaries and throughout the health system), technicians, and community health workers.