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. 2021 Nov 3;12:732029. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732029

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Copyright © 2021 Kono, Nanushaj, Sakatani, Murakami, Hijiya, Kinoshita, Shiga, Kaneko, Enomoto, Sugita, Miyajima, Okada, Saika and Hotomi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The time course of development of lethal infection. After intranasal administration of S. pneumoniae, the mice were monitored every 12 h until day 12. When the mice were found to be sick (decreased motor activity, shivering, and messy hair), they were immediately euthanized and the blood was collected for confirmation of bacteremia. (A) The mono-infection model and (B) the coinfection model. Circle, triangle, and square indicate wild-type, TRPV1 KO, and TRPV4 KO mice, respectively. *p < 0.05.