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. 2021 Nov 3;12:732029. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732029

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Copyright © 2021 Kono, Nanushaj, Sakatani, Murakami, Hijiya, Kinoshita, Shiga, Kaneko, Enomoto, Sugita, Miyajima, Okada, Saika and Hotomi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The levels of cytokines in the sera. The levels of cytokines in the sera were measured on day 2 of the experiment. The data were displayed as mean with standard error of the mean. (A, D) TNF-α, (B, E) IL-6, and (C, F) IL-1β. (A–C) The mono- infection model and (D–F) the coinfection model. For the mono-infection model (A–C), nine of TRPV1 KO, eight of TRPV4 KO, and eight of wild-type mice were used. For the coinfection model (D–F), 13 of TRPV1 KO, 11 of TRPV4 KO, and 8 of wild-type mice were used. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.