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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 24.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biomed Eng. 2021 Jun 24;5(11):1377–1388. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00749-2

Fig. 1 ∣. In situ modulation of the gut microbiome with “colon-retentive” inulin gel for improving cancer immunotherapy.

Fig. 1 ∣

Orally administered, inulin gel increases the levels of “beneficial” commensal microbes and their metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that induce stem-like T-cell factor-1(Tcf1)+PD-1+CD8+ T cells. Inulin gel synergizes with α-PD-1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunotherapy, exerting potent anti-tumor efficacy in multiple tumor models.