Fig. 2 ∣. Improving the anti-tumor efficacy of α-PD-1 therapy with oral candidate agents.
a, Prophylactic treatment regimen. BALB/c mice kept on the normal diet were orally gavaged with the candidate agents (melatonin: 100 mg/Kg dose/bodyweight; EGCG: 100 mg/Kg dose/bodyweight; fucoidan: 200 mg/Kg dose/bodyweight; FOS: 120 mg/dose; inulin:120 mg/dose) starting one week prior to subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of 1.5 × 105 CT26 colon carcinoma cells. Mice received the candidate agents until day 26, and 100 μg of α-PD-1 was injected i.p. on days 10, 14, 18 and 22. Shown are (b) the average tumor growth curves, (c) individual tumor growth curves, (d) overall Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and (e) frequency of AH1-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood on day 22. f, Therapeutic treatment regimen. BALB/c mice were inoculated s.c. at flank with 1.5 × 105 CT26 cells and then treated as shown starting on day 7. The doses were the same as in (a). Shown are (g) the average tumor growth curves, (h) individual tumor growth curves, (i) overall Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and (j) frequency of AH1-specific CD8+ T cells on day 18. Data represent mean ± SEM, from a representative experiment (n = 5 (a-e), or n = 9-10 (f-j) biologically independent samples) from two independent experiments. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Data were analyzed by (b,g) two-way ANOVA or (e,j) one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, or (d,i) log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.