Table 1.
N (%) or Mean (SD) | Spearman’s rho with baseline rapid gait speed or group mean differences (SE) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rapid Gait Speed (m/s) | 1.55 (0.33) | -- | -- | |
COMT Genotype, n (%) | Val/Val: | 769 (32.7%) | −.06 (.02) | .001 |
Met/Val: | 1,137 (48.3%) | −.03 (.18) | .055 | |
Met/Met (REF): | 447 (19.0%) | -- | -- | |
Demographics. | ||||
Age, years | 74.60 (2.84) | −.15 | <.001 | |
White, n (%) | 1,467 (62.3%) | .21 (.01; White > Black) | <.001 | |
Women, n (%) | 1,223 (52.0%) | −.21 (.01; men > women) | <.001 | |
Usual Gait Speed (m/s) | 1.14 (0.21) | .76 | <.001 | |
Other health factors. | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.31 (4.80) | −.21 | <.001 | |
Ankle-Brachial Index (mm Hg) | 1.07 (.18) | .20 | <.001 | |
Visual Acuity ≤20/50, n Yes(%) (Y3) | 101 (4.5%) | −.20 (.03; better > worse acuity) | <.001 | |
Diabetes, n Yes (%) (Y1) | 121 (5.1%) | −.09 (.03; no > yes) | .004 | |
Coronary Heart Disease, n Yes(%) (Y1) | 404 (17.2%) | .02 (.02; yes > no) | .205 | |
Congestive Heart Failure, n Yes(%) (Y1) | 55 (2.3%) | −.18 (.05; no > yes) | .002 | |
Cerebrovascular Disease, n Yes(%) (Y1) | 152 (6.5%) | −.16 (.03; no > yes) | <.001 | |
Sensorimotor. | ||||
EPESE score, Balance (Y1) | 3.75 (.75) | .22 | <.001 | |
400m Walk Speed (m/s) (Y1) | 1.26 (.21) | .71 | <.001 | |
Subjective Knee Pain. | ||||
Knee Pain with Activity, n Yes(%) (Y3) | 538 (23.1%) | −.15 (.02; no pain > pain) | <.001 | |
Exercise and Walking. | ||||
Weekly exercise/walking (kcal/kg/week) | 3.46 (6.87) | .344 | <.001 | |
Cognition. | ||||
3MS, points | 90.79 (7.77) | .26 | <.001 | |
DSST (n correct, Y1) | 36.92 (14.26) | .31 | <.001 | |
Depressive Symptoms. | ||||
CES-D score (Y1) | 4.59 (5.24) | −.13 | <.001 | |
Energy. | ||||
Self-Reported Energy, points | 6.69 (1.75) | .18 | <.001 |
Note. SD = standard deviation. EPESE = Establishing Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly. DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test. 3MS = Teng Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Y = year from Health ABC dataset (e.g., Y3 = Year 3). If not indicated, data are from Year 2.