Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2021 Aug 1;153:106752. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106752

Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratio for each outcome by individual social need among screened Montefiore patients, April 2018-December 2019

Housing Access to Healthcare
Food Insecurity Quality Instability Health Transportation Health Cost Getting Along Utilities Cost Legal Care Need Interpersonal Violence
Risk Factors
 Smokinga
  Model 1b 2.18 (1.97, 2.41) 1.66 (1.48, 1.87) 2.18 (1.95, 2.43) 2.34 (2.11, 2.60) 1.91 (1.70, 2.15) 1.99 (1.76, 2.25) 1.97 (1.70, 2.29) 2.24 (1.94, 2.58) 1.31 (1.07, 1.59) 2.02 (1.65, 2.46)
  Model 2c 1.74 (1.58, 1.91) 1.39 (1.25, 1.54) 1.70 (1.53, 1.88) 1.82 (1.66, 1.99) 1.58 (1.42, 1.75) 1.63 (1.47, 1.82) 1.58 (1.39, 1.79) 1.70 (1.51, 1.92) 1.26 (1.04, 1.52) 1.59 (1.34, 1.90)
  Model 3d 1.28 (1.14, 1.45) 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) 1.21 (1.06, 1.38) 1.41 (1.25, 1.58) 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) 1.23 (1.09, 1.39) 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) 1.15 (0.99, 1.33) 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) 1.00 (0.82, 1.20)
 Alcohol/drug use disorder:e
  Model 1b 2.24 (1.98, 2.53) 1.96 (1.72, 2.25) 2.20 (1.92, 2.51) 2.94 (2.62, 3.31) 1.96 (1.70, 2.26) 1.88 (1.61, 2.20) 1.90 (1.57, 2.28) 2.63 (2.23, 3.09) 1.57 (1.25, 1.96) 2.08 (1.63, 2.65)
  Model 2c 1.79 (1.60, 1.99) 1.66 (1.47, 1.88) 1.65 (1.46, 1.87) 2.22 (2.00, 2.47) 1.63 (1.43, 1.86) 1.60 (1.39, 1.86) 1.51 (1.26, 1.81) 1.92 (1.65, 2.24) 1.50 (1.20, 1.88) 1.65 (1.33, 2.03)
  Model 3d 1.22 (1.05, 1.42) 1.20 (1.04, 1.39) 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) 1.84 (1.59, 2.13) 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) 1.25 (1.05, 1.50) 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) 0.97 (0.76, 1.24)
 Obesityf
  Model 1b 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) 1.12 (1.04, 1.20) 1.19 (1.11, 1.28) 1.13 (1.04, 1.22) 1.20 (1.10, 1.32) 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) 1.08 (0.95, 1.24)
  Model 2c 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) 1.14 (1.08, 1.19) 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) 1.03 (0.94, 1.13)
  Model 3d 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) 1.12 (1.04, 1.20) 0.96 (0.89, 1.05) 1.06 (0.98, 1.15) 0.99 (0.89, 1.09)
Chronic Disease
 Hypertensiong
  Model 1b 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) 1.17 (1.09, 1.25) 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) 0.86 (0.79, 0.94) 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) 1.10 (1.00, 1.21) 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) 0.99 (0.87, 1.13)
  Model 2c 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) 1.09 (1.05, 1.14) 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) 1.12 (1.07, 1.16) 1.12 (1.07, 1.17) 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) 1.07 (0.99, 1.16)
  Model 3d 1.02 (0.97, 1.06) 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) 1.06 (1.00, 1.11) 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) 0.99 (0.91, 1.09)
 Diabetesh
  Model 1b 1.18 (1.09, 1.28) 1.24 (1.14, 1.35) 1.12 (1.03, 1.23) 1.35 (1.24, 1.47) 1.19 (1.08, 1.30) 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) 1.12 (0.99, 1.26) 1.22 (1.08, 1.37) 1.18 (1.03, 1.34) 1.09 (0.92, 1.29)
  Model 2c 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) 1.24 (1.16, 1.32) 1.21 (1.12, 1.31) 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) 1.11 (1.01, 1.23) 1.15 (1.01, 1.31)
  Model 3d 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) 1.08 (0.99, 1.19) 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) 1.03 (0.92, 1.14) 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) 1.01 (0.87, 1.10)
 Asthmai
  Model 1b 1.37 (1.25, 1.50) 1.79 (1.64, 1.96) 1.36 (1.22, 1.50) 1.70 (1.55, 1.86) 1.63 (1.48, 1.80) 1.38 (1.24, 1.54) 1.53 (1.35, 1.74) 1.53 (1.35, 1.74) 1.33 (1.15, 1.55) 1.42 (1.19, 1.70)
  Model 2c 1.26 (1.16, 1.36) 1.54 (1.43, 1.65) 1.29 (1.18, 1.41) 1.51 (1.40, 1.63) 1.50 (1.39, 1.62) 1.25 (1.14, 1.38) 1.43 (1.28, 1.59) 1.43 (1.29, 1.58) 1.24 (1.09, 1.39) 1.26 (1.08, 1.47)
  Model 3d 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) 1.37 (1.27, 1.48) 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) 1.25 (1.14, 1.37) 1.24 (1.12, 1.36) 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) 1.18 (1.05, 1.33) 1.11 (0.98, 1.25) 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) 0.94 (0.80, 0.00)
Mental/behavioral
 Depressionj
  Model 1b 1.99 (1.86, 2.12) 1.88 (1.75, 2.02) 2.01 (1.87, 2.16) 2.10 (1.96, 2.25) 1.85 (1.71, 1.99) 2.62 (2.44, 2.82) 1.85 (1.68, 2.04) 2.07 (1.89, 2.28) 1.83 (1.64, 2.04) 2.58 (2.30, 2.89)
  Model 2c 1.70 (1.62, 1.79) 1.56 (1.47, 1.65) 1.79 (1.69, 1.88) 1.75 (1.66, 1.84) 1.65 (1.56, 1.75) 2.34 (2.23, 2.45) 1.64 (1.52, 1.76) 1.86 (1.74, 1.98) 1.63 (1.51, 1.77) 2.16 (2.00, 2.34)
  Model 3d 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) 1.16 (1.09, 1.24) 1.22 (1.14, 1.30) 1.07 (1.00, 1.15) 1.82 (1.71, 1.93) 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) 1.09 (1.01, 1.19) 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) 1.16 (1.05, 1.27)
 Elevated PHQ2k
  Model 1b 3.02 (2.81, 3.24) 2.66 (2.46, 2.87) 3.03 (2.81, 3.27) 3.04 (2.82, 3.27) 2.80 (2.59, 3.03) 3.66 (3.38, 3.95) 2.64 (2.38, 2.92) 2.94 (2.66, 3.24) 2.69 (2.41, 3.01) 3.61 (3.20, 4.07)
  Model 2c 2.56 (2.42, 2.72) 2.22 (2.09, 2.36) 2.63 (2.47, 2.79) 2.51 (2.36, 2.67) 2.48 (2.32, 2.64) 3.21 (3.03, 3.40) 2.31 (2.13, 2.50) 2.56 (2.38, 2.75) 2.39 (2.18, 2.61) 3.04 (2.80, 3.30)
  Model 3d 1.40 (1.30, 1.51) 1.28 (1.18, 1.39) 1.31 (1.21, 1.43) 1.31 (1.21, 1.42) 1.25 (1.15, 1.36) 1.98 (1.83, 2.14) 1.18 (1.08, 1.30) 1.05 (0.96, 1.16) 1.22 (1.10, 1.35) 1.14 (1.01, 1.20)
a

Defined as those reporting being a current smoker in latest smoking survey in 1 year prior to the screener; excludes 7.5% not surveyed;

b

Unadjusted;

c

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, preferred language, health insurance, block-group poverty and public housing status;

d

Adjusted for each individual social need, age, sex, race/ethnicity, preferred language, health insurance, block-group poverty and public housing status;

e

Defined as those with a diagnosis for the following: F11.x–F16.x, F18.x, F19.x, Z71.5, Z72.2, F10, E52, G62.1, I42.6, K29.2, K70.0, K70.3, K70.9, T51.x, Z50.2, Z71.4, Z72.1 in two years prior to screener;

f

Defined as those with BMI≥30 kg/m2, based on latest BMI value in 1 year prior to screener; excludes 2.1% without BMI measurement;

g

Defined as those with I10.x diagnosis in two years prior to screener;

h

Defined as those with E10.X, E11.X, E12.X, E13.X, E14.X diagnosis codes in two years prior to screener;

i

Defined as those with J45.X diagnosis codes in two years prior to screener;

j

Defined as those with F20.4, F31.3–F31.5, F32.x, F33.x, F34.1, F41.X, F43.2 diagnosis codes in two years prior to screener;

k

Defined as those with a score ≥2, based on latest PHQ-2 score in 1 year prior to screener; excludes 7.5% of sample not screened in year prior