Table 1. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data, and treatments and outcomes in pediatric laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up visit.
| Variables | Diagnosis (n=53) | Follow-up (n=53) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic and anthropometric data | ||
| Current age (years) | 14.65 (8-18) | - |
| Time between diagnosis and study entry (months) | - | 4.4 (0.8-10.7) |
| Male sex | 22 (42) | - |
| Caucasians | 30 (57) | - |
| Clinical data | ||
| Duration of signs/symptoms before diagnosis (days) | 3 (1-30) | - |
| Fever | 33 (62) | 0 (0) |
| Duration of fever (days) | 3 (1-22) | - |
| Nasal discharge | 24 (45) | 0 (0) |
| Sneezing | 7 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Cough | 27 (51) | 0 (0) |
| Sore throat | 16 (30) | 0 (0) |
| Anosmia | 13 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Dysgeusia | 11 (21) | 0 (0) |
| Headache | 30 (57) | 10 (19) |
| Severe recurrent headaches | 0 (0) | 5 (9) |
| Myalgia | 21 (40) | 2 (4) |
| Arthralgia | 8 (15) | 2 (4) |
| Conjunctivitis | 5 (9) | 0 (0) |
| Dyspnea | 14 (26) | 4 (8) |
| Hypoxemia | 5 (9) | 1 (2) |
| Nausea | 17 (32) | 0 (0) |
| Vomiting | 15 (28) | 0 (0) |
| Diarrhea | 15 (28) | 0 (0) |
| Abdominal pain | 13 (25) | 1 (2) |
| Cutaneous rash | 6 (11) | 1 (2) |
| Neurological abnormalities | 1 (2) | 1 (2) |
| Pneumonia | 4 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 3 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) | 3 (6) | - |
| Difficulty concentrating | - | 2 (4) |
| Tiredness | - | 5 (9) |
| Poor sleep quality | - | 2 (4) |
| Pediatric pre-existing chronic conditions | 47 (89) | - |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (2) | - |
| Arterial hypertension | 2 (4) | - |
| Immunosuppressive conditions | 44 (83) | - |
| Inborn errors of immunity | 0 (0) | - |
| Transplantation | 5 (9) | - |
| Cancer | 7 (13) | - |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (6) | - |
| Autoimmune conditions | 14 (26) | - |
| Others pre-existing chronic conditions | 24 (45) | - |
| Pediatric COVID-19 classification | ||
| Mild | 41 (77) | - |
| Moderate | 6 (11) | - |
| Severe | 3 (6) | - |
| Critical | 3 (6) | - |
| Global assessment of health by VAS score (0-10) | ||
| Patient | - | 1.9 (0-10) |
| Primary caregiver | - | 2.2 (0-10) |
| Treatments | ||
| Blood products transfusion | 2 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Oxygen therapy | 5 (9) | 1 (2) |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 3 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Enoxaparin | 4 (8) | 1 (2) |
| Glucocorticoid | 5 (9) | 0 (0) |
| Dialysis for acute renal injury or shock | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Aspirin | 3 (6) | 2 (4) |
| Currently immunosuppressive | 24 (45) | 24 (45) |
| Outcomes | ||
| Hospitalization | 18 (38) | - |
| Duration of ward admission, days (n=18) | 5 (1-22) | - |
| Pediatric intensive care unit hospitalization | 4 (22) | - |
| Duration of PICU hospitalization, days (n=4) | 6.5 (6-11) | - |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2 (4) | - |
| Vasoactive agents use | 3 (4) | - |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 1 (2) | - |
| COVID-19-associated thrombosis | 1 (2) | 1 (2) |
Results are presented as n (%) or median (minimum-maximum values). VAS: Visual analog scale, PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit.