Table 1. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data and pediatric preexisting chronic conditions in children (aged <10 years) vs. those in adolescents (aged ≥10 years) with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
| Variables | Children (n=74) | Adolescents (n=75) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and anthropometric data | |||
| Current age, years | 2 (0-9.83) | 14.75 (10.1-17.9) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 42 (57) | 37 (49) | 0.364 |
| Caucasian race | 50 (67) | 53 (71) | 0.715 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (n=125) | 0.18±2.32 | 0.12±1.76 | 0.879 |
| Clinical data | |||
| Duration of signs/symptoms before diagnosis, days (n=148) | 2 (0-60) | 3 (0-90) | 0.027 |
| Fever | 56 (76) | 53 (71) | 0.490 |
| Fever without a source | 10 (13) | 5 (7) | 0.165 |
| Duration of fever, days (n=100) | 1 (1-8) | 2 (1-15) | 0.050 |
| Nasal discharge | 30 (40) | 29 (39) | 0.815 |
| Sneezing | 14 (19) | 11 (15) | 0.487 |
| Cough | 31 (42) | 39 (52) | 0.216 |
| Sore throat | 2 (3) | 22 (29) | <0.001 |
| Anosmia | 0 (0) | 12 (16) | <0.001 |
| Dysgeusia | 0 (0) | 6 (8) | 0.013 |
| Headache | 6 (8) | 29 (39) | <0.001 |
| Myalgia | 4 (5) | 25 (33) | <0.001 |
| Arthralgia | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | 0.082 |
| Conjunctivitis | 4 (5) | 5 (7) | 0.747 |
| Dyspnea | 26 (35) | 31 (41) | 0.436 |
| Hypoxemia | 23 (31) | 24 (32) | 0.904 |
| Nausea | 2 (3) | 15 (20) | 0.001 |
| Vomiting | 15 (20) | 11 (15) | 0.368 |
| Diarrhea | 8 (11) | 13 (17) | 0.253 |
| Cutaneous rash | 5 (7) | 6 (8) | 0.772 |
| Neurological abnormalities | 9 (12) | 6 (8) | 0.399 |
| Pneumonia | 16 (22) | 23 (31) | 0.209 |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome | 12 (16) | 17 (23) | 0.302 |
| Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) | 3 (4) | 6 (8) | 0.312 |
| Pediatric preexisting chronic conditions | 53 (72) | 65 (87) | 0.024 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (3) | 3 (4) | 0.082 |
| Arterial hypertension | 6 (8) | 9 (12) | 0.430 |
| Immunosuppressive conditions | 26 (35) | 41 (55) | 0.017 |
| Inborn errors of immunity | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.552 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 1 (1) | 5 (7) | 0.099 |
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | 2 (3) | 3 (4) | 0.660 |
| Cancer | 14 (19) | 14 (19) | 0.969 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (7) | 6 (8) | 0.772 |
| Autoimmune conditions | 3 (4) | 10 (13) | 0.045 |
| Severity of pediatric COVID-19 | |||
| Mild | 37 (50) | 39 (52) | 0.287 |
| Moderate | 14 (19) | 9 (12) | |
| Severe | 16 (22) | 13 (17) | |
| Critical | 7 (9) | 14 (19) |
Results are presented as n (%), medians (minimum-maximum values), and means±standard deviations.