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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2021 Dec 1;59(12):1067–1074. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001639

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population.

Actual frequency1, n (%) or Median (IQR)
(N = 1,081)
Valid frequency2, n (%) or Median (IQR)
(N = 1,081)
Race
 White 837 (77.4) 837 (77.4)
 Black 201 (18.6) 201 (18.6)
 Other 43 (4.0) 43 (4.0)
Gender
 Female 628 (58.1) 628 (58.1)
 Male 453 (41.9) 453 (41.9)
Age
 18–34 286 (26.5) 286 (26.5)
 35–49 307 (28.4) 307 (28.4)
 50–64 354 (32.7) 354 (32.7)
 65–74 110 (10.2) 110 (10.2)
 75+ 24 (2.2) 24 (2.2)
Charlson score 2 (0 – 3) 2 (0 – 3)
Marital status
 Married 408 (37.7) 408 (47.0)
 Not married 461 (42.6) 461 (53.0)
 (Missing) 212 (19.6)
Household income
 $0–$19,999 314 (29.0) 314 (37.8)
 $20,000–$34,999 127 (11.7) 127 (15.3)
 $35,000–$49,999 88 (8.1) 88 (10.6)
 $50,000–$74,999 117 (10.8) 117 (14.1)
 $75,000–$99,999 71 (6.6) 71 (8.5)
 $100,000 or more 114 (10.5) 114 (13.7)
 (Missing) 250 (23.1)
Employment status
 Employed 360 (33.3) 360 (41.0)
 Unemployed 402 (37.2) 402 (45.8)
 Retired 115 (10.6) 115 (13.1)
 (Missing) 204 (18.9)
Education
 Less than high school 57 (5.3) 57 (6.3)
 High school 236 (21.8) 236 (26.0)
 Some college 278 (25.7) 278 (30.7)
 College graduate 234 (21.6) 234 (25.8)
 Graduate or beyond 102 (9.4) 102 (11.2)
 (Missing) 174 (16.1)
Healthcare coverage
 Yes 785 (72.6) 785 (91.5)
 No 73 (6.8) 73 (8.5)
 (Missing) 223 (20.6)

Notes:

1

Actual frequency calculated as percent of total sample.

2

Valid frequency calculated as percent of non-missing respondents. IQR: inter-quartile range.

Not all percentages may add up to 100 due to rounding.