Table 3.
Frequency of outpatient portal use in relation to the four dimensions of the Engagement Capacity Framework (Model 1) and the overall readiness for telehealth (Model 2), controlling for the patient demographic characteristics.
| Model 1 (n = 698) | Model 2 (n = 698) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | IRR1 | 95% CI2 | p-value | IRR1 | 95% CI2 | p-value |
| Overall capacity to use patient portals | ||||||
| High | — | — | ||||
| Medium | 0.89 | 0.62, 1.29 | 0.538 | |||
| Low | 0.66 | 0.45, 0.99 | 0.034 | |||
| Capabilities | ||||||
| High | — | — | ||||
| Medium | 0.68 | 0.46, 0.99 | 0.032 | |||
| Low | 0.59 | 0.39, 0.89 | 0.011 | |||
| Resources | ||||||
| High | — | — | ||||
| Medium | 0.27 | 0.12, 0.66 | 0.001 | |||
| Low | 0.15 | 0.05, 0.63 | 0.002 | |||
| Self-Efficacy | ||||||
| High | — | — | ||||
| Medium | 0.93 | 0.66, 1.32 | 0.663 | |||
| Low | 1.55 | 1.01, 2.40 | 0.032 | |||
| Willingness | ||||||
| High | — | — | ||||
| Medium | 0.94 | 0.64, 1.37 | 0.743 | |||
| Low | 0.66 | 0.44, 0.97 | 0.032 | |||
| Race | ||||||
| White | — | — | — | — | ||
| Black | 0.78 | 0.52, 1.18 | 0.225 | 0.84 | 0.56, 1.29 | 0.388 |
| Other | 0.51 | 0.24, 1.30 | 0.111 | 0.58 | 0.27, 1.49 | 0.196 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 0.97 | 0.70, 1.34 | 0.847 | 0.98 | 0.71, 1.35 | 0.898 |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–34 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 35–49 | 1.08 | 0.70, 1.65 | 0.722 | 1.01 | 0.66, 1.54 | 0.957 |
| 50–64 | 1.08 | 0.69, 1.68 | 0.735 | 1.01 | 0.64, 1.58 | 0.966 |
| 65–74 | 1.57 | 0.79, 3.26 | 0.209 | 1.22 | 0.61, 2.57 | 0.578 |
| 75+ | 0.73 | 0.23, 2.82 | 0.603 | 0.48 | 0.15, 1.86 | 0.226 |
| Charlson score | 1.13 | 1.03, 1.24 | 0.001 | 1.11 | 1.02, 1.22 | 0.006 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | — | — | — | — | ||
| Not married | 0.92 | 0.64, 1.30 | 0.609 | 0.93 | 0.65, 1.32 | 0.677 |
| Household income | ||||||
| $0–$19,999 | — | — | — | — | ||
| $20,000–$34,999 | 1.57 | 0.98, 2.57 | 0.058 | 1.60 | 0.99, 2.64 | 0.052 |
| $35,000–$49,999 | 1.30 | 0.75, 2.33 | 0.353 | 1.21 | 0.71, 2.17 | 0.497 |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 2.18 | 1.30, 3.70 | 0.003 | 2.23 | 1.32, 3.85 | 0.002 |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 2.72 | 1.46, 5.29 | 0.002 | 2.73 | 1.47, 5.31 | 0.002 |
| $100,000 or more | 2.13 | 1.17, 3.94 | 0.012 | 2.35 | 1.27, 4.42 | 0.005 |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed | — | — | — | — | ||
| Unemployed | 0.86 | 0.59, 1.26 | 0.422 | 0.96 | 0.65, 1.42 | 0.823 |
| Retired | 1.23 | 0.65, 2.40 | 0.508 | 1.32 | 0.69, 2.63 | 0.380 |
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | — | — | — | — | ||
| High school | 0.72 | 0.35, 1.41 | 0.319 | 0.55 | 0.27, 1.08 | 0.074 |
| Some college | 1.17 | 0.59, 2.20 | 0.621 | 1.12 | 0.55, 2.14 | 0.722 |
| College graduate | 1.40 | 0.68, 2.75 | 0.320 | 1.27 | 0.61, 2.51 | 0.485 |
| Graduate or beyond | 1.54 | 0.67, 3.42 | 0.281 | 1.51 | 0.65, 3.40 | 0.310 |
| Healthcare coverage | ||||||
| Yes | — | — | — | — | ||
| No | 0.89 | 0.53, 1.59 | 0.655 | 0.74 | 0.44, 1.32 | 0.264 |
1
IRR = Incidence Rate Ratio;
2
CI = Confidence Interval