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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotoxicology. 2021 Aug 31;87:86–93. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.015

Table 4.

Adjusted associations estimated from longitudinal mixed effects linear regression models of 0.5 mg/day fluoride intake in pregnancy and Bayley-III domains (12 and 24 months) with the effect modification of sex

Fluoride intake (mg/d) Cognitive Language Motor
Trimester 2 (n=64)a β 95% CI β 95% CI β 95% CI
Boys −1.72 −4.00 0.55 −0.34 −3.02 2.33 −2.01 −4.31 0.28
Girls 0.24 −2.30 2.78 −2.32 −5.31 0.67 −0.41 −2.94 2.13
P interaction term 0.24 0.31 0.34
Trimester 3 (n=91)b Boys 3.10 5.67 0.53 −1.84 −4.67 1.00 −1.70 −4.60 1.20
Girls −0.28 −2.26 1.70 0.10 −2.09 2.29 −0.16 −2.39 2.06
P interaction term 0.07 0.26 0.38
Averaged (n=103) Boys 3.46 6.23 0.70 −0.81 −3.65 2.03 −2.12 −5.00 0.76
Girls −0.33 −2.53 1.88 −0.67 −2.95 1.61 −0.51 −2.80 1.78
P interaction term 0.08 0.94 0.40
a

Sample for 2nd trimester may consist of a woman whose child was assessed at one (n=6) or both time points (n=58).

b

Sample for 3rd trimester may consist of a woman whose child was assessed at one (n=33) or both time points (n=58).

Models adjusted for Motheŕs: age, education, SES, calcium intake (concurrent); Infantś: gestational age and birth weight (z score), breastfeeding practices

Interaction: Sex (reference is boys) × Fluoride intake (mg/d), bolds indicates p-values <0.05