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. 2021 Nov 16;11:22315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01662-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Recruitment numbers flow chart: Participants in Baseline were drawn from two streams, those recruited at 15-week booking appointment (n = 1537) and those recruited in the immediate post-natal period (600), totalling 2137 participants. 1249 participants completed follow up at 5 years. Of those, Twenty-two participants had a known ASD diagnosis at 5-year follow up; a further 13 were diagnosed with ASD between 5 and 10 years of age. Of the 35 participants with a diagnosis of ASD, 10 were excluded from this analysis. One child had a significant genetic diagnosis (Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome); none of the other nine children had stored midgestational serum. This left 25 participants with ASD who were then matched 2:1 with healthy controls.