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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Mater. 2021 Jul 26;33(46):e2006600. doi: 10.1002/adma.202006600

Figure 3: Schematics of typical responsivities for hydrogel-based MAMs.

Figure 3:

Mechanical actuation in MAMs can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, dependent on the material design. Different MAMs respond to heating, magnetic or electric fields, light, hydration state, oxidation state, specific molecules in solution, pH, ionic strength, and even extrinsic mechanical forces.