a) A schematic of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, in which oxidation and reduction of ruthenium tris(2,2’-bipyridine) changes hydrogel hydrophilicity to swell and deswell the MAM. drived MAMs. Readapted with permission[77]. Copyright 2014, Springer Nature. b) A schematic of a MAM with host-guest interactions between ferrocene and β-cyclo-dextrin (βCD) in the hydrogel network. The cavity of βCD has better accommodation to reduced form of ferrocene, causing shrinkage of the gel as ferrocene- and βCD-modified hydrogel strands are drawn together through this interaction. Readapted with permission[76c]. Copyright 2013, Wiley-VCH.