a) A two “leg” self-walking EFRMAM, fabricated using top-down design, with different “legs” that respond to electrical field direction, resulting in locomotion. Readapted with permission[100]. Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry. b) Structure and function of dopa-based MAMs, in electrical power induces a redox reaction that deswells the hydrogel. Readapted with permission[25]. Copyright 2016, Wiley VCH.