Table 4:
Overall Vignette Experiment results
| Vignette description (risk/burden level) | % would agree to participate | Mean price among patient agreeing to participate | Mean burden (1=not at all – 5 extremely large) | % correctly identified biggest risk of vignette | % reporting no risk | Mean how bad the specific risk is (1=not at all – 5 extremely bad) | Mean likelihood that risk could happen (1=not at all – 5 extremely likely) | Mean unpleasant (1=not at all – 5 extremely bad) | Most similar common negative event(s) from Anchoring Survey (mean rating) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a. Spend a night in sleep clinic, get wires attached, lose several hours of sleep (high risk/burden) | 82% ns | $204 ns | 2.16 *** | 30% Large loss of sleep | 18% | 1.87 ns | 3.09 *** | 1.95 *** | Thirsty for an hour (1.91); having a dry mouth (1.81) |
| 1b. Wear a sleep monitor on wrist for 30 days and charge it daily (low risk/burden) | 87% | $206 | 1.70 | 21 % A little loss of sleep | 71% | 1.76 | 2.39 | 1.44 | Finger stick for blood by nurse (1.41), getting a flu vaccine injection (1.47) |
| 2a. Take a safe drug twice a day for a month, probably feel very nauseated (high risk/burden) | 39% *** | $348 ns | 2.98 *** | 83 % Upset stomach | 7% | 3.10 *** | 3.60 *** | 3.13 *** | Not being able to get a loan/credit (3.12); Missing an important meeting (3.27) |
| 2b. Take a safe drug daily for a week, may have minor dry mouth as a side effect (low risk/burden) | 81% | $336 | 1.68 | 78 % Dry mouth | 16% | 1.80 | 2.63 | 1.78 | Getting bitten by a mosquito, (1.76); being woken before your alarm went off (1.81) |
| 3a. Cut into thigh muscle, very painful and will scar, at clinic monthly for 3 months (high risk/burden) | 27% *** | $350 ns | 3.39 *** | 74 % A lot of pain | 5% | 3.36 *** | 3.83 *** | 3.46 *** | Having severe nausea (3.35); breaking your arm (3.75) |
| 3b. Blood drawn from the arm once a month for 3 months. May have a little pain (low risk/burden) | 84% | $327 | 2.04 | 57 % A little pain | 36% | 1.56 | 2.42 | 1.73 | Getting a paper cut (1.73); getting bitten by a mosquito (1.76) |
| 4a. Keep notes of sexual and drug activities for 3 months. Discuss with staff at clinic monthly (high risk/burden) | 62% *** | $90 p=0.04 | 2.23 ** | 40% Feeling judged or awkward | 53% | 2.21 *** | 2.59 ns | 1.89 *** | Being thirsty for an hour (1.91); filling out forms for 30 min (1.85) |
| 4b. Keep a daily record of how much water you drink for one week. Discuss with staff at clinic once (low risk/burden) | 83% | $80 | 1.91 | 5% Feeling judged or awkward | 90% | 1.52 | 2.13 | 1.48 | Having blood taken by a finger stick by a nurse (1.41), having blood drawn from your arm by a nurse (1.49) |
| 5a. 3 CT Scans every 4 months for one year at clinic. Same radiation as people get in 5 years. (high risk/burden) | 50% *** | $176 ns | 2.51 *** | 0.50 Too much radiation | 15% | 2.86 *** | 3.36 *** | 2.27 *** | Having trouble making a decision (2.26); too many things to do (2.33) |
| 5b. One clinic visit for one chest x-ray. Very low radiation (low risk/burden) | 85% | $174 | 1.70 | 0.58 A little radiation | 27% | 1.61 | 2.71 *** | 1.47 | Having blood taken by a finger stick by a nurse (1.41), having blood drawn from your arm by a nurse (1.49) |
| Mean, all 5 high risk/burden vignettes | 52% *** | $209 ns | 2.65 | NA | 20% | 2.75 | 3.38 | 2.54 | Being hungry for a day (2.54); having minor surgery (2.48) |
| Mean, all 5 low risk/burden vignettes | 84% | $224 | 1.81 | NA | 48% | 1.67 | 2.56 | 1.58 | Feel hot for a brief time (1.69); completing a food diary for a week (1.52) |
Note: significance testing compared high and low risk/burden versions of the vignettes
**
p <0.01
***
p<0.001
ns not statistically significant p>0.05; NA not applicable