Table 1:
Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age by Any Prescription Opioid Use, Long-term Prescription Opioid Use, and use of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder; NHANES 2003-2018
| Characteristicsa | Total Sample (n=13,558) n (%)b |
Any Opioid Usec (n=519) n (%) |
P valued | Long Term Opioid Usee (n=229) n (%) |
P value | MOUD usef (n=27) n (%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 13,558 | 519 (4.5) | 229 (2.1) | 27 (0.3) | |||
| Survey Year | 0.02 | 0.73 | * | ||||
| 2003-2004 | 1792 (12.3) | 68 (5.2) | 24 (2.3) | 0 | |||
| 2005-2006 | 2027 (12.6) | 84 (6.1) | 28 (2.3) | 1 (0.1) | |||
| 2007-2008 | 1556 (12.4) | 64 (4.5) | 32 (2.0) | 2 (0.1) | |||
| 2009-2010 | 1773 (12.5) | 89 (5.2) | 39 (2.2) | 6 (0.4) | |||
| 2011-2012 | 1577 (12.4) | 64 (5.3) | 26 (2.7) | 6 (0.4) | |||
| 2013-2014 | 1748 (12.8) | 68 (4.2) | 37 (2.5) | 7 (0.6) | |||
| 2015-2016 | 1650 (12.6) | 42 (2.8) | 23 (1.7) | 3 (0.3) | |||
| 2017-2018 | 1435 (12.5) | 40 (3.0) | 20 (1.6) | 2 (0.2) | |||
| Age, years | <.01 | <.01 | 0.39 | ||||
| 15-24 | 5663 (32.9) | 130 (3.0) | 28 (0.8) | 3 (0.2) | |||
| 25-34 | 3988 (32.7) | 154 (4.3) | 60 (1.7) | 12 (0.3) | |||
| 35-44 | 3907 (34.4) | 235 (6.2) | 141 (3.9) | 12 (0.3) | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| Hispanic | 4016 (18.0) | 110 (3.1) | 39 (1.2) | 1 (0.1) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 4791 (59.4) | 265 (5.3) | 129 (2.6) | 23 (0.4) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3159 (13.8) | 115 (4.2) | 46 (1.8) | 2 (0.1) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1592 (8.7) | 29 (2.5) | 15 (1.8) | 1 (0.1) | |||
| Pregnant | <.01 | <.01 | * | ||||
| Yes | 1041 (4.6) | 18 (2.6) | 5 (1.0) | 0 | |||
| No | 10258 (83.3) | 459 (5.0) | 216 (2.5) | 27 (0.3) | |||
| Missing | 2259 (12.0) | 42 (2.2) | 8 (0.5) | 0 | |||
| Education Level | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.26 | ||||
| Some High School | 4627 (23.7) | 150 (4.1) | 63 (1.9) | 10 (0.3) | |||
| High School Diploma | 2566 (18.8) | 108 (5.3) | 53 (3.0) | 7 (0.4) | |||
| More than High School | 6365 (57.4) | 261 (4.4) | 113 (2.0) | 10 (0.2) | |||
| Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio | 0.04 | <.01 | * | ||||
| 0.00-1.30 | 5959 (33.5) | 235 (5.0) | 118 (2.7) | 22 (0.6) | |||
| 1.31-1.85 | 1622 (10.8) | 65 (5.3) | 31 (2.9) | 3 (0.3) | |||
| 1.86-2.50 | 1325 (10.1) | 55 (5.4) | 25 (2.7) | 0 | |||
| >2.50 | 4652 (45.6) | 164 (3.8) | 55 (1.5) | 2 (0.1) | |||
| Health Insurance Type | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| Private | 6734 (59.7) | 244 (4.2) | 88 (1.7) | 4 (0.1) | |||
| Medicare, Medicaid, Medi-Gap or CHIP | 2408 (12.6) | 145 (8.0) | 85 (5.1) | 10 (0.7) | |||
| Other Insuranceg | 1169 (7.2) | 50 (4.5) | 24 (2.4) | 5 (0.6) | |||
| No Insurance | 3247 (20.5) | 80 (3.4) | 32 (1.6) | 8 (0.4) | |||
| General Health Condition | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| Excellent, Very Good, or Good | 11428 (86.9) | 345 (3.6) | 116 (1.3) | 14 (0.2) | |||
| Fair or Poor | 2130 (13.1) | 174 (10.8) | 113 (7.6) | 13 (1.0) | |||
| Ever Used Heroin h | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| Yes | 101 (1.0) | 7 (5.2) | 4 (2.8) | 9 (11.8) | |||
| No | 809 (7.8) | 68 (8.7) | 39 (5.5) | 6 (0.5) | |||
| Refused, Don’t know, or Missing | 12648 (91.2) | 444 (4.2) | 186 (1.9) | 12 (0.1) |
Total sample presented as column percentages and characteristics presented as row percentages
Unweighted sample counts and weighted sample percentages to account for NHANES survey design
At least 1 opioid prescription reported as used within the last month. Category includes short-term (<90 days) and long-term use (≥90 days) but does not include MOUD use. Participants with any opioid use are compared to those with no opioid use
P-values calculated for each covariate by chi-square test
At least 1 opioid prescription reported as used for ≥ 90 days and if multiple opioids were reported the longest frequency was used. Participants with long-term opioid use were compared to those with no opioid use (excluded short term opioid use (N=290))
At least 1 medication for treatment of opioid use disorder was reported as used within the last month. Participants with MOUD use were compared to those with no opioid use (excluded participants with non-MOUD opioid use (N=3098))
Other insurance includes other types of government insurance and single service plans
Respondents answer to question “Have you ever, even once, used heroin?”
Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<.05)
Chi-square p-value unavailable due to tables with 0 cells