Table 1.
Summary of the role of Sestrin2 in metabolic diseases.
| Disease | Signaling pathway | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | AMPK/mTOR | Improves insulin resistance | (57, 69) |
| Increases insulin-sensitivity | |||
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | AMPK/mTORC1 | Reduces lipid synthesis | (24, 70) |
| Attenuates ER stress | (15) | ||
| Nrf2/ Keap1 | Promotes autophagy | (2) | |
| Nrf2/HO-1 | Prevents oxidative liver damage | (43) | |
| JNKs | Keeps redox balance | (71) | |
| Attenuates lipotoxicity | (72) | ||
| Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury | AMPK/PGC-1α | Reduces the area of myocardial injury Attenuates the sensitivity of myocardium to ischemia |
(73) |
| AMPK/LKB1 | Protects mitochondrial biogenesis | (74) | |
| Inhibits myocardial cell apoptosis | (75) | ||
| MAPK signaling pathway | Diminishes myocardial infarct size | (76) | |
| Antioxidant protein | Improves function of infarcted myocardium | (77) | |
| AMPK/mTOR | Refines myocardial substrate metabolism | (78) | |
| Modulates cardiac inflammation Restrains ROS production Improves contractile function Attenuates myocardial hypertrophy |
(79) | ||
| Improves cardiac function |