TABLE 1.
Characteristics of female caregivers and their children
| Severity of illnessa |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No ambulation loss (n = 52) | 0–3 y of ambulation loss (n = 19) | 4+ y of ambulation loss (n = 25) | All caregivers of boys with DBMD (n = 96) | Control-CPS caregivers (n = 371) | P-Value* |
| Caregiver age (y), mean (SE) | 38.0 (0.98) | 42.3 (1.61) | 44.9 (1.56) | 40.6 (0.80) | 40.1 (0.72) | .190 |
|
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| Caregiver race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 45 (86.5) | 15 (79.0) | 17 (68.0) | 77 (80.2) | 211 (56.9) | <.001 |
| Other | 7 (13.5) | 4 (21.1) | 8 (32.0) | 19 (19.8) | 160 (43.1) | |
|
| ||||||
| Caregiver education, n (%)b | ||||||
| Less than high school | 5 (9.6) | 4 (21.1) | 2 (8.3) | 11 (11.6) | 51 (13.8) | .08 |
| High school graduate | 9 (17.3) | 3 (15.8) | 3 (12.5) | 15 (15.8) | 100 (27.0) | |
| Some college or trade | 19 (36.5) | 5 (26.3) | 12 (50.0) | 36 (37.9) | 109 (29.4) | |
| College graduate | 19 (36.5) | 7 (36.8) | 7 (29.2) | 33 (34.7) | 111 (29.9) | |
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| Caregiver marital status, n (%) | ||||||
| Married | 46 (88.5) | 15 (79.0) | 16 (64.0) | 77 (80.2) | 287 (77.4) | .33 |
| Divorced | 5 (9.6) | 3 (15.8) | 5 (20.0) | 13 (13.5) | 44 (11.9) | |
| Single, never married | 1 (1.9) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (16.0) | 6 (6.3) | 40 (10.8) | |
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| Multiple affected children in the household | 3 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.0) | 5 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
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| Number of children <18 in household, mean (SE) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.1) | 2.0 (0.1) | 2.0 (0.1) | .06 |
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| Presence of children <6 in the household, n (%) | 17 (32.7) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (20.8) | 97 (26.2) | .21 |
|
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| Age of matched child, mean (SE) | 9.4 (0.5) | 13.1 (0.5) | 15.4 (0.3) | 11.7 (0.4) | 11.6 (0.4) | .09 |
|
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| Labor market outcomesc | ||||||
| Worked in the past year, n (%) | 39 (75.0) | 10 (58.8) | 14 (58.3) | 63 (67.7) | 267 (72.0) | .38 |
| Weeks worked in the past year, mean (SE)d | 47.3 (1.6) | 48.7 (1.9) | 40.6 (3.8) | 45.8 (1.5) | 46.4 (0.7) | .74 |
| Hours worked per week, mean (SE)d | 33.2 (2.4) | 28.9 (4.0) | 26.8 (3.7) | 31.1 (1.8) | 37.3 (0.7) | .002 |
a
“No ambulation loss” includes individuals with DMD and BMD. Non-ambulatory categories include individuals with DMD.
b
Caregiver education missing from two caregivers of boys with DBMD.
c
Labor market outcomes missing from three caregivers of boys with DBMD.
d
Conditional on having worked in the past year.
*
Wald F test P-values are reported for continuous variables, while Pearson chi-squared test P-values are reported for categorical variables. P-values are shown for tests of overall difference between the case and comparison groups.