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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 28.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Proteomics. 2021 Oct 28;18(9):795–807. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1994390

Figure 2: Common strategies for phosphopeptide enrichment.

Figure 2:

Low abundance phosphopeptides may be enriched from a much larger background of non-phosphorylated peptides through a variety of techniques. The most common techniques include ion exchange chromatography, metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC), metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), and immunoprecipitation methods (with phosphorylated tyrosine antibody-based enrichment being the most popular). Combining these methods in series is also common, such as SCX (strong cation exchange) enrichment or pY-enrichment followed by MOAC or IMAC, IMAC followed by MOAC, or sequential IMAC.