Table 1.
Measurement of maternal anxiety across the participating studies
| ALSPAC | BiB-1 | BiB-2 | DCHS −450k | DCHS-EPIC | EDEN | Generation R | GOYA | INMA | MoBa-1 | MoBa-2 | PREDO-450k | PREDO-EPIC | PRISM | PROGRESS | Viva | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of mother-child dyads | 659 | 384 | 375 | 104 | 149 | 151 | 1292 | 488 | 336 | 1049 | 636 | 581 | 120 | 155 | 313 | 451 |
| Maternal general anxiety during pregnancy | ||||||||||||||||
| Measure name | CCEI | GHQ-28 | GHQ-28 | SRQ-20 | SRQ-20 | STAI-ST | BSI | SCL-92 | Diagnosis | SCL-8 | SCL-8 | STAI-S | STAI-S | STAI-T | STAI-T | none |
| Number of mother-child dyads | 659 | 384 | 375 | 104 | 149 | 151 | 1186 | 488 | 336 | 1049 | 636 | 581 | 120 | 155 | 313 | 0 |
| Number of assessments during pregnancy* | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Timing of assessment, gestational weeks | 18–32 | 26–28 | 26–28 | 28–32 | 28–32 | 20–24 | 18–25 | ~30 | 12 | 30 | 30 | 12–38 | 12–38 | 7–39 | 18–35 | - |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 4.7 (3.2) | 7.0 (4.7) | 6.7 (4.4) | 5.7 (4.1) | 5.3 (3.9) | 9.4 (8.0) | 0.2 (0.3) | 1.0 (1.2) | - | 4.8 (1.4) | 4.8 (1.4) | 33.9 (7.8) | 34.4 (8.3) | 16.6 (4.8) | 18.9 (5.1) | - |
| Range | 0 to 16 | 0 to 20 | 0 to 20 | 0 to 18 | 0 to 17 | 0 to 34 | 0 to 1.1 | 0 to 6 | - | 4 to 16 | 4 to 16 | 20 to 58 | 20 to 60 | 10 to 32 | 10 to 33 | - |
| High general anxiety, N (%) | 88 (13%) | 59 (15%) | 41 (11%) | 26 (25%) | 28 (19%) | 23 (15%) | 170 (14%) | 147 (30%) | 73 (22%) | 198 (19%) | 61 (10%) | 85 (15%) | 20 (17%) | 25 (16%) | 50 (16%) | - |
| Maternal pregnancy-related anxiety during pregnancy | ||||||||||||||||
| Measure name | none | none | none | none | none | none | POQ | none | none | none | none | none | none | PAS-1 | PAS-2 | PRAS |
| Number of mother-child dyads | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1197 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 313 | 451 |
| Number of assessments during pregnancy* | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Timing of assessment, gestational weeks | - | - | - | - | - | - | <18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7–39 | 7–39 | 10 |
| Mean (standard deviation) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.7 (0.3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.1 (4.2) | 18.8 (5.5) | 0.7 (1.3) |
| Range | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 to 1.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 to 21 | 7 to 28 | 0 to 7 |
| High pregnancy-related anxiety, N (%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 208 (17%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14 (11%) | 47 (15%) | 85 (19%) |
Abbreviations:
BSI: Brief Symptom Inventory, 6-item anxiety subscale;
CCEI: Crown-Crisp Experiental Index, 8-item anxiety subscale;
GHQ-28: General Health Questionnaire (28-item version), 7-item anxiety subscale;
N: number of mothers in the high anxiety group;
PAS-1: Pregnancy Anxiety Scale, 7-item abbreviated version, each item scored from 0 to 3;
PAS-2: Pregnancy Anxiety Scale, 7 item abbreviated version, each item scored from 1 to 4;
POQ: Pregnancy Outcome Questionnaire, 13-item version;
PRAS: Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale, 7-item version;
SCL-8: Symptom Checklist (8-item version), 5-item anxiety subscale;
SCL-92: Symptom Checklist (92-item version), 3-item anxiety subscale;
SRQ-20: Self-Report Questionnaire, 20-item anxiety and mood scale;
STAI-ST: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, 40-item version including the 20 Trait and 20 State Anxiety items, each item scored from 0–3;
STAI-S: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, 20-item State-Anxiety subscale, each item scored from 1–4;
STAI-T: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, 10-item abbreviated version of the Trait-Anxiety subscale, each item scored from 1–4
Number of assessments refers to the number of times each mother filled out the anxiety questionnaire (or was interviewed) during pregnancy