Prostate |
CD4+ T-cell recruitment |
Increased cancer cell invasion |
[49] |
Melanoma |
CD8+ T-cell Recruitment, Suppress T-reg function |
Decreased metastasis |
[54–58] |
Increased PD-L1 expression in cancer cells |
Decreased immune infiltrate |
[53] |
Colorectal |
Associated with increased Th1 and CD8+ signatures |
and associated with reduced TNM stage |
[69–71] |
Increased NK-cell infiltrate |
Reduced tumor growth and metastasis in mice |
[71] |
Breast |
Increased NK-cell recruitment, Decreased myeloid cell infiltrate |
Increased tail-vein metastasis |
[72–74] |
Increased CD4+ T-cell and NK-cell recruitment |
Reduced tumor growth and metastasis |
[89–91] |
Ovarian |
Recruitment of Tregs |
Undetermined |
[99] |
Associated with increased number of T-cells and NK cells |
Associated with increased survival |
[100] |
Gastric |
Positively associated with increased CD4+ and CD8+ infiltrates |
Associated with increased overall survival |
[75, 76] |
Increased PD-L1 expression in cancer cells |
Undetermined |
[16] |
Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
Increased Treg recruitment |
Increased likelihood of tumor recurrence |
[81] |
Increased alternative macrophage activation |
Suppressed anti-tumor immune response |
[82] |
Alternate macrophage polarization |
Suppressed anti-tumor immune response |
[83] |
Pancreatic Cancer |
T-reg recruitment |
Association with poor prognosis |
[85,86] |
Suppressed CD8+ T-cell function |
Association with poor outcome and more rapid tumor progression in mice |
[84, 87] |