Table 4.

Effects of aqueous garlic extract on sperm parameters

Groups	Sperm count (millions/mL)	Normal morphology %	Viability %	Progressive movement %	Motility %
Control	277 $\pm$ 24.85	96.2 $\pm$ 1.81	97.4 $\pm$ 1.26	57 $\pm$ 7.3	73.8 $\pm$ 6.19
G	260 $\pm$ 35.77	96.33 $\pm$ 1.36	97 $\pm$ 0.89	48 $\pm$ 4.73	60.66 $\pm$ 6.28
D1	86.66 $\pm$ 34.33 ${}^{a*}$	89.16 $\pm$ 4.23 ${}^{a*,c*}$	92.83 $\pm$ 2.2 ${}^{a*,c*}$	18 $\pm$ 7.57 ${}^{a*,c}$	29.5 $\pm$ 8.52 ${}^{a*,c*}$
D1+G	148 $\pm$ 91.74 ${}^{a*,b\Delta }$	95.60 $\pm$ 2.54 ${}^{b*}$	97.6 $\pm$ 1.07 ${}^{b*}$	32.4 $\pm$ 17.93 ${}^{a*,b€}$	38.8 $\pm$ 16.52 ${}^{a*}$
D2	93.33 $\pm$ 27.9 ${}^{a*}$	97 $\pm$ 2.17 ${}^{b*}$	96.66 $\pm$ 1.55 ${}^{b*}$	39.16 $\pm$ 16.73 ${}^{b\ne }$	48.5 $\pm$ 17.79 ${}^{a\Delta ,b*}$
D2+G	105.83 $\pm$ 15.78 ${}^{a*}$	96.33 $\pm$ 1.36	97.33 $\pm$ 1.55	39.83 $\pm$ 10.38 ${}^{a€}$	48.66 $\pm$ 9.56 ${}^{a*}$
Results presented as mean $\pm$ SD (n = 6) using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p $<$ 0.05), C: Control rats, G: Rats that received aqueous garlic extract, D1: STZ-induced diabetic rats, D1 + G: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous garlic extract, D2: STZ + nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats, D2 + G: STZ + nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous garlic extract. ${}^a$ Compared with control rats, ${}^b$ Compared with D1, ${}^c$ Compared with D2. ${}^{*}$ P $<$ 0.01, ${}^{\Delta }$ P = 0.02, ${}^{€}$ P = 0.04