Table 2.
Risk of bias.
| References | Selection | Comparabilitya | Outcome (psychological tests) | Total NOS score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adequate case definition | Representativeness | Selection of controls | Definition of controls | Ascertainment | Same Ascertainment for case/control | Non-response rate | |||
| Lemogne et al. (2013) | – | * | * | * | – | – | * | – | 4/9 |
| Nakaya et al. (2010) | * | * | * | – | ** | * | * | * | 8/9 |
| Nagano et al. (2008) | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 9/9 |
| Kreitler et al. (2008) | – | – | – | – | * | * | * | – | 3/9 |
| White et al. (2007) | * | * | * | – | * | – | * | * | 6/9 |
| Nakaya et al. (2003) | – | – | * | – | ** | – | * | – | 4/9 |
| Kavan et al. (1995) | * | – | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 8/9 |
| Kune et al. (1991) | * | * | * | – | ** | – | * | – | 6/9 |
a
One star was assigned when the criterion was fulfilled by that study. Two stars were assigned when the control was matched both for age and other controlled factor(s).
The 8 criteria were operationalized using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) (Wells et al., 2014).