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. 2021 Nov 17;197:113803. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113803

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© 2021 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 4 — Demonstration of a practical diagnosis application of the proposed COVID-19 sensor in real-time by testing clinical samples such as (a) mid-turbinate swabs (patient #1) and (b) exhaled breath aerosol samples (patient #2, 3, and 4). (c) Real-time response of common human coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43) using swabs on the COVID-19 sensor.