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. 2021 Nov 10;16:7497–7515. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S321071

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© 2021 Huang et al.

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In vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell viability of (A) empty nanoparticles and (B) DOX-loaded nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h. Bars represent the SD (n = 6). (C) Representative flow cytometric patterns and (D) quantitative analysis of apoptosis by flow-cytometric analysis. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with free DOX, DOX/MSNs, RM-(DOX/MSNs), iRGD-RM-(DOX/MSNs) and iRGD-RM-(DOX/MSNs) with free iRGD for 48 h at a DOX concentration of 10 μg/mL. ^ap < 0.001 vs DOX; ^bp < 0.01 vs DOX/MSN; ^cp < 0.001 vs RM-(DOX/MSN); ^dp < 0.01 vs iRGD-RM-(DOX/MSN) (n = 3).