Table 4.

Maternal characteristics according to hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP)

Characteristics	Total	HDP		P value
		Yes (%, n=90)	No (%, n=423)
Age≥35 years old	71	17 (18.9)	54 (12.8)	0.12
Primipara	238	39 (43.3)	199 (47.0)	0.52
Multiple pregnancy	8	0 (0)	8 (1.9)	0.36
History of PE	20	8 (8.9)	12 (2.8)	0.01*
Prepregnancy hypertension	21	14 (15.6)	7 (1.7)	<0.01*
Diabetes	2	0 (0)	2 (0.5)	0.51
Remission <6 months prior to conception	18	8 (8.9)	10 (2.4)	<0.01*
Duration of SLE
≤5 years	273	48 (53.3)	225 (53.2)	0.99
6–10 years	162	28 (31.1)	134 (31.7)
>10 years	78	14 (15.6)	64 (15.1)
Disease flares during pregnancy	145	46 (51.1)	99 (23.4)	<0.01*
APS	41	8 (8.9)	33 (7.8)	0.73
Lupus characteristics
Mucocutaneous	151	26 (28.9)	125 (29.6)	0.90
Neurological disorders	7	1 (1.1)	6 (1.4)	0.63
Arthritis	116	20 (22.2)	96 (22.7)	0.92
Serositis	26	10 (11.1)	16 (3.8)	<0.01*
Leukopaenia	48	10 (11.1)	38 (8.9)	0.52
Thrombocytopaenia	42	17 (18.9)	25 (5.9)	<0.01*
Renal disorders	89	32 (35.6)	57 (13.5)	<0.01*
Laboratory parameters
Anti-dsDNA	400	73 (81.1)	327 (77.3)	0.42
Hypocomplementaemia-C3	156	42 (46.7)	114 (26.9)	<0.01*
Hypocomplementaemia-C4	83	24 (26.7)	59 (13.9)	<0.01*
SSA/Ro	276	42 (46.7)	234 (55.3)	0.13
SSB/La	70	15 (16.7)	55 (13.0)	0.35
U1RNP	123	24 (26.7)	99 (23.4)	0.51
Sm	35	6 (6.7)	29 (6.9)	0.94
Nucleosome	131	33 (36.7)	98 (23.2)	<0.01*
aCL-IgG	40	10 (11.1)	30 (7.1)	0.19
aCL-IgM	22	8 (8.9)	14 (3.3)	0.03*
β2GP1-IgG	22	2 (2.2)	20 (4.7)	0.39
β2GP1-IgM	43	7 (7.8)	36 (8.5)	0.82
Medication
Glucocorticoid	501	90(100)	411 (97.2)	0.13
Hydroxychloroquine	405	67 (74.4)	338 (79.9)	0.24
Immunosuppressive agent	45	13 (14.4)	32 (7.6)	0.03*
Aspirin	398	56 (62.2)	342 (80.9)	<0.01*
LMWH	138	19 (21.1)	119 (28.1)	0.17

*P < 0.05.

APS, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; PE, preeclampsia.