Table 3. Association Between SARS-CoV-2 and Psychiatric Morbidity, Fatigue, and Sleep Disorders According to Subgroups.
| Group | Person-yearsa | Outcome | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any psychiatric morbidity | Fatigue | Sleep | |||||||||||||
| SARS-CoV-2 | Unexposed | SARS-CoV-2, ratea | Unexposed, ratea | aHR (95% CI)b | P valuec | SARS-CoV-2, ratea | Unexposed, ratea | aHR (95% CI)b | P valuec | SARS-CoV-2, ratea | Unexposed, ratea | aHR (95% CI)b | P valuec | ||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Women | 7.0 | 28.5 | 37.11 | 24.06 | 1.63 (1.43-1.85) | .003 | 43.01 | 8.68 | 5.25 (4.54-6.06) | .003 | 8.31 | 3.50 | 2.34 (1.78-3.06) | .003 | |
| Men | 7.8 | 31.5 | 24.14 | 11.53 | 2.20 (1.88-2.57) | 27.93 | 3.67 | 7.46 (6.19-9.01) | 12.45 | 3.07 | 4.06 (3.18-5.18) | ||||
| Age-group, y | |||||||||||||||
| 16-24 | 2.6 | 10.9 | 41.69 | 34.49 | 1.28 (1.06-1.55) | <.001 | 14.46 | 5.43 | 2.92 (2.14-4.00) | <.001 | 4.32 | 2.55 | 2.08 (1.25-3.46) | .002 | |
| 25-34 | 2.4 | 9.7 | 31.01 | 21.29 | 1.59 (1.26-2.02) | 20.37 | 5.17 | 4.24 (3.14-5.73) | 5.32 | 2.51 | 2.35 (1.48-3.75) | ||||
| 35-49 | 3.8 | 15.0 | 27.92 | 15.20 | 2.00 (1.64-2.45) | 39.67 | 5.79 | 6.49 (5.26-8.03) | 9.72 | 3.05 | 2.99 (2.16-4.13) | ||||
| 50-59 | 2.9 | 11.4 | 25.18 | 11.80 | 2.24 (1.75-2.88) | 42.38 | 4.80 | 8.74 (6.78-11.26) | 12.94 | 2.69 | 4.45 (3.00-6.59) | ||||
| 60-69 | 1.6 | 6.3 | 22.91 | 7.91 | 3.09 (2.16-4.43) | 38.94 | 3.95 | 9.15 (6.39-13.10) | 11.96 | 1.96 | 7.97 (4.56-13.94) | ||||
| 70-79 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 21.78 | 5.90 | 3.66 (2.00-6.68) | 37.80 | 4.74 | 7.23 (4.51-11.60) | 9.12 | 2.97 | 3.40 (1.41-8.17) | ||||
| ≥80 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 46.06 | 11.97 | 4.17 (2.67-6.53) | 32.17 | 9.76 | 5.07 (3.02-8.50) | 11.50 | 5.88 | 1.38 (0.60-3.18) | ||||
| IMD quintile | |||||||||||||||
| Highest | 1.8 | 7.2 | 21.93 | 15.21 | 1.54 (1.13-2.10) | .30 | 36.38 | 5.44 | 5.86 (4.34-7.91) | .06 | 5.78 | 2.16 | 3.11 (1.77-5.46) | .93 | |
| Second | 2.3 | 9.4 | 33.39 | 18.14 | 1.87 (1.47-2.38) | 43.24 | 4.51 | 8.66 (6.53-11.48) | 7.21 | 2.45 | 3.53 (2.13-5.84) | ||||
| Third | 2.2 | 9.1 | 32.91 | 16.96 | 2.01 (1.58-2.56) | 29.83 | 4.49 | 6.67 (4.89-9.12) | 9.65 | 3.09 | 3.43 (2.15-5.47) | ||||
| Fourth | 2.9 | 11.8 | 28.56 | 19.39 | 1.57 (1.25-1.96) | 28.98 | 6.80 | 5.04 (3.95-6.43) | 11.84 | 3.57 | 3.24 (2.24-4.70) | ||||
| Lowest | 3.6 | 14.9 | 33.02 | 16.61 | 2.06 (1.70-2.51) | 32.45 | 5.82 | 5.18 (4.13-6.51) | 8.82 | 3.31 | 2.76 (1.96-3.90) | ||||
| Follow-up time, mo | |||||||||||||||
| <1 | 6.1 | 24.5 | 22.02 | 15.78 | 1.57 (1.34-1.85) | .24 | 47.54 | 5.56 | 8.12 (6.71-9.82) | <.001 | 8.58 | 2.66 | 3.27 (2.33-4.61) | .12 | |
| 1-3 | 5.3 | 21.5 | 31.58 | 17.69 | 1.97 (1.70-2.29) | 24.66 | 5.64 | 4.47 (3.54-5.63) | 8.75 | 3.57 | 2.27 (1.59-3.24) | ||||
| 3-6 | 2.4 | 10.0 | 24.85 | 13.17 | 2.15 (1.68-2.75) | 25.76 | 6.33 | 4.66 (3.35-6.49) | 13.87 | 3.31 | 3.96 (2.49-6.31) | ||||
| ≥6 | 0.9 | 4.0 | 14.75 | 8.56 | 1.91 (1.20-3.03) | 17.49 | 5.61 | 3.03 (1.77-5.20) | 12.13 | 2.42 | 5.33 (2.40-11.82) | ||||
Abbreviation: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio.
a
Person-years in thousands. Rate per 1000 person-years.
b
Adjusted models included the covariates: ethnicity, comorbidities, smoking status, and body mass index.
c
P value testing for equivalence of aHRs.